WARCreate: Create Wayback-Consumable WARC Files From Any Webpage

The Internet Archive\u27s Wayback Machine is the most common way that typical users interact with web archives. The Internet Archive uses the Heritrix web crawler to transform pages on the publicly available web into Web ARChive (WARC) files, which can then be accessed using the Wayback Machine. Because Heritrix can only access the publicly available web, many personal pages (e.g. password-protected pages, social media pages) cannot be easily archived into the standard WARC format. We have created a Google Chrome extension, WARCreate, that allows a user to create a WARC file from any webpage. Using this tool, content that might have been otherwise lost in time can be archived in a standard format by any user. This tool provides a way for casual users to easily create archives of personal online content. This is one of the first steps in resolving issues of long term storage, maintenance, and access of personal digital assets that have emotional, intellectual, and historical value to individuals

Impact of URI Canonicalization on Memento Count

Quantifying the captures of a URI over time is useful for researchers to identify the extent to which a Web page has been archived. Memento TimeMaps provide a format to list mementos (URI-Ms) for captures along with brief metadata, like Memento-Datetime, for each URI-M. However, when some URI-Ms are dereferenced, they simply provide a redirect to a different URI-M (instead of a unique representation at the datetime), often also present in the TimeMap. This infers that confidently obtaining an accurate count quantifying the number of non-forwarding captures for a URI-R is not possible using a TimeMap alone and that the magnitude of a TimeMap is not equivalent to the number of representations it identifies. In this work we discuss this particular phenomena in depth. We also perform a breakdown of the dynamics of counting mementos for a particular URI-R (google.com) and quantify the prevalence of the various canonicalization patterns that exacerbate attempts at counting using only a TimeMap. For google.com we found that 84.9% of the URI-Ms result in an HTTP redirect when dereferenced. We expand on and apply this metric to TimeMaps for seven other URI-Rs of large Web sites and thirteen academic institutions. Using a ratio metric DI for the number of URI-Ms without redirects to those requiring a redirect when dereferenced, five of the eight large web sites' and two of the thirteen academic institutions' TimeMaps had a ratio of ratio less than one, indicating that more than half of the URI-Ms in these TimeMaps result in redirects when dereferenced.Comment: 43 pages, 8 figure

The pro-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory foam cell macrophage paradox

AbstractThe formation of foamy macrophages by sequestering extracellular modified lipids is a key event in atherosclerosis. However, there is controversy about the effects of lipid loading on macrophage phenotype, with in vitro evidence suggesting either pro- or anti-inflammatory consequences. To investigate this in vivo we compared the transcriptomes of foamy and non-foamy macrophages that accumulate in experimental subcutaneous granulomas in fat-fed ApoE null mice or normal chow-fed wild-type mice, respectively. Consistent with previous studies in peritoneal macrophages from LDL receptor null mice (Spann et al., 2012 [1]), we found that anti-inflammatory LXR/RXR pathway genes were over-represented in the foamy macrophages, but there was no change in M1 or M2 phenotypic markers. Quite unexpectedly, however, we found that genes related to the induction of fibrosis had also been up-regulated (Thomas et al., 2015 [2]). The progression of the foamy macrophages along anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways was confirmed using immunohistochemistry (described fully in our primary research article (Thomas et al., 2015 [2]). Here we provide additional details on production of the macrophages and their transcriptomic comparison, with the raw and processed microarray data deposited in GEO (accession number GSE70126). Our observations on these cells are indeed paradoxical, because foamy macrophages have long been implicated in promoting inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation and atherosclerotic plaque rupture, which must be provoked by additional local mediators. Our findings probably explain how very early macrophage-rich lesions maintain their structural integrity

WARCreate and WAIL: WARC, Wayback, and Heritrix Made Easy

[First slide] The Problem Institutional Tools, Personal Archivists ON YOUR MACHINE -Complex to Operate -Require Infrastructure DELEGATED TO INSTITUTIONS -$$$ -Lose original perspective Locale content tailoring (DC vs. San Francisco) Observation Medium (PC web browser vs. Crawler

WARCreate - Create Wayback-Consumable WARC Files From Any Webpage

[First Slide] What is WARCreate? Google Chrome extension Creates WARC files Enables preservation by users from their browser First steps in bringing Institutional Archiving facilities to the P

Pola Pelayanan Kredit untuk Masyarakat Berpendapatan Rendah di Pedesaan Jawa Barat

IndonesianKajian mengenai ragam, bentuk dan prosedur pelayanan kredit untuk masyarakat berpendapatan rendah diharapkan mampu membantu memberikan jawaban terhadap pertanyaan tentang pola pelayanan yang paling sesuai untuk masyarakat berpendapatan rendah. Pada tahun 1990 penelitian dilakukan di Jawa Barat Kecamatan Jonggol dan Nanggung Kabupaten Bogor dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap 105 rumahtangga contoh. Dari hasil Penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa (1) ragam dan pola pelayanan kredit pedesaan untuk golongan miskin sangat banyak, baik yang berbentuk kredit program (KUT, UPPKA) maupun komersial (LPK, BKPD, Bank Harian), (2) perilaku permintaan kredit masyarakat berpendapatan rendah dalam pasar kredit tidak sepenuhnya ditentukan oleh pertimbangan tentang bunga kredit, tetapi juga pada kesederhanaan prosedur dan syarat perolehan krdit. Oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat miskin terhadap sumber modal (kredit) dapat ditempuh dengan cara menyederhanakan prosedur dan syarat perolehan pinjaman dengan supervisi yang intensif

Client-Assisted Memento Aggregation Using The Prefer Header

[First paragraph] Preservation of the Web ensures that future generations have a picture of how the web was. Web archives like Internet Archive\u27s Wayback Machine, WebCite, and archive.is allow individuals to submit URIs to be archived, but the captures they preserve then reside at the archives. Traversing these captures in time as preserved by multiple archive sources (using Memento [8]) provides a more comprehensive picture of the past Web than relying on a single archive. Some content on the Web, such as content behind authentication, may be unsuitable or inaccessible for preservation by these organizations. Furthermore, this content may be inappropriate for the organizations to preserve due to reasons of privacy or exposure of personally identifiable information [4]. However, preserving this content would ensure an even-more comprehensive picture of the web and may be useful for future historians who wish to analyze content beyond the capability or suitability of archives created to preserve the public Web

A Survey of Archival Replay Banners

We surveyed various archival systems to compare and contrast different techniques used to implement an archival replay banner. We found that inline plain HTML injection is the most common approach, but prone to style conflicts. Iframe-based banners are also very common and while they do not have style conflicts, they suffer from screen real estate wastage and limited design choices. Custom Elements-based banners are promising, but due to being a new web standard, these are not yet widely deployed