Deformations of Highway over Undermined Ostrava-Svinov Area Monitored by InSAR Using Limited Set of SAR Images

AbstractPart of Czech highway D1 connecting Ostrava city with Prague and Poland, is built over an undermined area of Ostrava-Svinov, with mines closed since 1991 in the area. Soon after its opening ceremony in 2008, the highway began to exhibit various significant deformations. An attempt of InSAR monitoring using ERS, Envisat and several TerraSAR-X Spotlight acquisitions was done in order to monitor progress of deformations, to consider suitability of satellite InSAR for such purposes and to search for footprints whether the deformations were caused by fading subsidence due to undermining or by another, local, reason. Only shallow subsidence was found in the area from Envisat data ranging 2005-2010. Highway deformations in late 2011 are observable from processing of limited set of 5 TerraSAR-X images using different methods. Detected deformations are very probably due to longitudinal thermal expansion of the observed highway bridge. This publication contains issues to be taken into consideration for appropriate interpretation and processing if the available input dataset is limited and not optimal

Multi-sensor and multi-temporal approach in monitoring of deformation zone with permanent monitoring solution and management of environmental changes: A case study of Solotvyno salt mine, Ukraine

Salt deposits were a rich source of mineral resources in the past, and some are still mined today. However, salt mines, especially abandoned ones, pose a threat to populated areas, infrastructure and the natural environment. Solotvyno (Ukraine) is one of the most significantly affected areas, with a deformation zone where significant year-on-year subsidences occur. Mining activities have caused a disturbance of the balance in the mountain massif, and as a consequence, the mountains are being reshaped, and the land cover is deformed. Deformation zone of the historical salt mine Solotvyno (Ukraine), Tyachiv district of Zakarpattia region is situated on the right bank of the Tisza river in the border area with Romania in Central Europe. This paper deals with the multi-sensor monitoring of the active deformation zone over the Solotvyno salt mine using satellite radar data (Sentinel-1), optical satellite imagery (Pleiades, SPOT) and in-situ UAV photogrammetry. Since the area represents a significant geohazard from a hydrogeological (Tisza River) and civil security standpoints (infrastructure of the inhabited regions), the design of a high-precision monitoring system to monitor and evaluate current environmental changes is proposed. Multi-temporal InSAR analysis exposed steeper subsidence tendencies of >−2 cm in the central part of the monitored area. Optical satellite and UAV images confirmed the increase in water surface in sinkhole areas up to 28,500 m2 and proved the emergence of new sinkholes in the central part of the Solotvyno mine. The aim of this study is to describe the post-collapse deformation processes by Pleiades and SPOT multi-spectral sensors and Sentinel-1 satellite SAR sensors since the 2010 collapse in order to describe the trends of deformation due to undermining and propose a high-precision permanent monitoring system based on satellite radar interferometry (InSAR)

Relation between surface dynamics and remote sensor InSAR results over the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador

InSAR information to record dynamic changes on the surface using remote sensor has been obtained for the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador and compared with surface dynamic situation and fixed GPS surface movement information. The city is located in an active tectonic depression between the tectonic remains of ancient volcanoes and active volcanic centers. This area has been historically affected by earthquakes, volcanic activity, erosion, mass movements, and flooding. The morphology of the area has been changed by human activities, most of the time without any respect to natural processes thus increasing the problems. There are sectors that show subsidence close to Ilopango Caldera that could be connected to diastrophic block tectonic movements connected to post-seismic episodes after 2012 earthquake, and aquifer level changes due effects of climate change and overexploitation of aquifers. These movements may increase the huge problems of erosion and mass wasting through las Canas basin. In addition, after 2017 seismic swarm a horizontal movement was recorded with the satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) in two areas, which reflects the possible movement of faults that crosses the area of study. This type of information provides important data for the decision-making of land, protection and mitigation zones, monitoring of governmental institutions, and for regional planning.Web of Science10333682366

Design of the Model of Optimization of Energy Efficiency Management Processes at the Regional Level of Slovakia

This paper focuses on the issue of energy efficiency management in the region of Prešov self-governing region (PSR), Slovakia, as the energy market is liberalized and the behavior of electricity consumers is influenced not only by conventional but also by alternative suppliers of this type of energy. Based on the statistical evaluation of a questionnaire survey focused on the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive behavior of consumers, a model of optimization of system processes of energy efficiency management at the regional level is presented. A one-way ANOVA and t-test were used to determine statistically significant differences, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine a statistically significant relationship. Based on the obtained results, a suitable candidate for efficient electricity management is an employee aged 36 to 50 with a technical focus. The proposed model of optimizing the processes of energy management efficiency at the regional level can also be applied to the supraregional level in the understanding of the geographical division of the European Union, where the same legislative regulations are applied within the liberalized electricity market

Przegląd podejść teoretycznych do oceny relacji pomiędzy projektami środowiskowymi a zrównoważonym rozwojem

The present paper synthesizes the current knowledge of scientific research that analyses the issue of projects, especially environmental projects. It pays special attention to the topic of environmental project management as a prerequisite for ensuring sustainability at both macroeconomic and microeconomic levels.W artykule dokonano syntezy aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat badań naukowych, analizujących problematykę projektów, a zwłaszcza projektów środowiskowych. Szczególną uwagę poświęca tematyce zarządzania projektami środowiskowymi jako warunku koniecznego do zapewnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju zarówno na poziomie makroekonomicznym, jak i mikroekonomicznym

Bridge displacements monitoring using space-borne X-band SAR interferometry

The development of interferometric methodologies for deformation monitoring that are able to deal with long time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images made the detection of seasonal effects possible by decomposing the differential SAR phase. In the case of monitoring of man-made structures, particularly bridges, the use of high-resolution X-band SAR data allows the determination of three major components with significant influence on the SAR phase: the linear deformation trend, the height of structures over terrain, and the thermal expansion. In the case of stable metallic or (reinforced) concrete structures, this last effect can reach a magnitude comparable to or even exceeding the other phase components. In this review, we present two case studies that confirm the feasibility of InSAR techniques for bridge deformation monitoring and our original approach to refine the thermal expansion component.Web of Science10121020

Potential of Multi-temporal InSAR Techniques for Bridges and Dams Monitoring

AbstractThe aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to present a survey of the actual and most advanced methods for man-made structures monitoring, more specifically dams and bridges. Theoretical and technical aspects of these methodologies are presented and discussed focusing on innovative inspection methods and on the opportunities that could deliver. Secondly, to identify the opportunities that could potentially improve the inspections and maintenance processes, being the satellite-based monitoring, using radar imagery, recognized as viable source of independent information products that may be used to remotely monitor the health of these specific man-made structures. By applying Multi-temporal InSAR processing techniques to a series of radar images over the same region, it is possible to detect vertical movements of structure systems on the ground in the millimeter range, and therefore, identify abnormal or excessive movement indicating potential problems requiring detailed ground investigation. In this paper it is clearly demonstrated that with the new high-resolution synthetic aperture radar satellites scenes, InSAR technology may be particular useful as hot spot indicator of relative deformations structures over large areas, making possible to develop interferometric based methodologies for structural health monitoring. From a technological standpoint, this approach represents a substantial evolution over the current state-of-the-art