160 research outputs found
Possibility of Sand Culture for Melon Using Root-proof Capillary Wick in Mid-summer Period
Effects of liquid fertilizer (LF) and controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on growth and fruit enlargement of netted melon in 6L sand medium were investigated in a cultivation method using root-proof capillary wicks in mid-summer. Average of maximum and minimum root-zone temperatures was
34.8°Cand 26.9°C, respectively. Wilted symptoms appeared very often in 5 out of 8 plants at 2 weeks after transplanting in CRF with a high electric conductivity (EC) of medium solution. In contrast, such symptoms were not found at all in LF with a lower EC. In LF, average fruit weight was 2.3Kg and fruit Brix was 14.4, and non-wilted plants in CRF also showed the same levels as LF in weight and Brix of fruits. These results indicated the possibility of sand culture for melon in mid-summer with LF or a modified fertilizer combination design of CRF.æ œå¹æéã®å€§åã®æ¥æ°ãé«æž©ãšãªãçå€æã«ãããŠé²æ ¹çµŠæ°Žã²ããçšããã¡ãã³ç æ œå¹ãå¯èœã§ãããã©ãããæ€èšããïŒåŠçåºã¯ïŒå€§å¡AåŠæ¹å¹é€æ¶²ã®ECã段éçã«äœäžãããŠäŸçµŠããå¹é€æ¶²åºïŒå
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Effect of Controlled-release Fertilizer and Root-proof Capillary Wick Addition to Root-zone on Tomato Growth and Yield
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of controlled-release fertilizers and wick addition to the root-zone on plant growth and yield of medium-fruit sized tomato up to the 18(th) truss in long-term forcing culture. The set-up consisted of a box partitioned by a board into two halves, named box 1 and box 2. Box 1 contained 2.8 â of growth medium (soil : bark : perlite : peat=2 : 2 : 1 : 1). Plant was grown in box 1 with a capillary wick, and at flowering of the 8(th) truss, the partition was removed and box 2 filled with 2.8 â of the medium. There were two treatments, with or without capillary wick in box 2, namely, single wick (S) and double wicks (D). Plant height was greater in D than S in January, and the difference increased gradually thereafter. Flowering time of 18(th) truss in D was 10 days earlier and decapitated shoot weight was twice that of S. Fruit yield per plant was 8 kg in S and 9 kg in D with similar value of Brix and titratable acidity. There was no difference between S and D in dry root weight (7g/plant) or in xylem exudates (8ml/h), while in S in April plant growth was inferior, leaf color yellow greenish and fruit colour uneven towards the end of growth of plants. Xylem sap analysis showed that NO(3)-N was 10 me/â in S and 6 me/â in D. This concentration is weaker than that of Enshi standard nutrient solution generally used in hydroponics. These results suggest that application of controlled-release fertilizers and wick addition to box 2 with root-zone extended was effective for plant growth performance and fruit yield.äžçããã18段æå¿ã®é·æä¿ææ œå¹ã«ãããè¥å¹èª¿ç¯åè¥æã®é©çšãšçè²éäžã®æ ¹åæ¡åŒµã«äŒŽããçŽãé©çšãçè²ãšæå®åéã«åãŒãå¹æã調ã¹ãïŒæ œå¹å®¹åšã¯å¯åä»åãæ¿ã§2ã€ã«ä»åãåºç»åœãã容éã¯2.8âãšãïŒç¬¬8段è±æ¿éè±æã«ä»åãæ¿ãã¯ãããŠ5.6âïŒ1st BoxïŒ2nd BoxïŒãšããïŒè©Šéšåºã¯2åºã§2nd Boxã«çŽãé
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Movement of Calcuium (45Ca) to Fruit from Peduncle of Tomato Plants
Movement of calcium (45Ca) from the peduncle to fruit of tomato during the days and night was investigated. Further, the effects of additional NaCl to the culture solution on the water potential in plants and 45Ca movement to fruit were also examined. The activity of 45Ca on a dry weight basis in the peduncle was higher during the day than at night, however, in calyx and fruit the 45Ca activity was similar both during the day and night. Import of 45Ca into the leaves from the peduncle was not different between the day and the night. Additional NaCl to the culture solution resulted in a greater water saturation deficit (WSD) of the immature leaves just below the 2nd and 3rd trusses, unlike with the mature leaves below the 1st truss where the WSD did not decrease with NaCl treatment. On the oher hand, the activity of 45Ca in the peduncle and calyx was not different between the NaCl treatment and the control. However, the activity in the distal part of the fruits was lower with, NaCl treament than in the control. These results suggested that the high WSD effectively decreased the import of calcium into fruits from the peduncle. It seems that the import of 45Ca into fruit not only dependent on the conductive tissues but also a possible driving force in xylem water flow, and that NaCl interferes with movement of calcium in the fruits.ãããææã«æšç¶¿ç³žãéããŠã«ã«ã·ãŠã (45Ca)ãåŠçãæŒå€éå¥ã«ææ¿åéšäœãžã®45Caã®ç§»è¡ããªãã³ã«ãå¹é€æ¶²ã«NaClãæ·»å ããå Žåã®æš¹äœå
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Pericarp Characteristics of the F(1) Hybrid Medium-Fruited Tomato between the Male Sterile Mutant (T-4) of the Large-Fruited 'First' and a Small-Fruited Pure Line with Soft Pericarp
Breeding for a soft pericarp in medium-sized tomato fruit was conducted by crossing the male sterile mutant (T-4) of the large-fruited 'First' and a small-fruited pure line with a soft pericarp (S). Pericarp characteristics of the F(1) hybrid (named MS-II) were compared with the parents and two similar medium-fruited tomato cultivars, 'Red ore' and 'Frutica'. Pericarp firmness in MS-II was lower as compared with that of both T-4 and S. Differences in pericarp firmness among MS-II, 'Red ore' and 'Frutica' were dependent on truss. In the first truss, MS-II developed fruits with a softer pericarp than 'Red ore', but with a firmer pericarp than 'Frutica'. In the second and third trusses, pericarp firmness of the fruit in MS-II tended to be lower than those of the other two cultivars. The thickness of the exocarp cuticle in MS-II was lower than that in 'Red ore', but was no different to that in 'Frutica'. Thus genotypic differences in pericarp firmness among MS-II, 'Red ore' and 'Frutica' seem to be derived from differences in the degree of cutin development in the epidermal perimeter. A thinner cuticle can explain pericarp softness in the fruits above the second truss in MS-II.èç®ææã®äžçãããåçš®è²æãç®çãšãïŒâãã¡ãŒã¹ãâè±ç²é厩å£åéæ§äžçšç³»çµ± (T-4) ãçš®å芪ïŒæç®ã®è»ãããå°æåºå®ç³»çµ± (S) ãè±ç²èŠªãšããF(1)éçš® (MS-II) ã®ç¹æ§ã«ã€ããŠïŒäž¡èŠªç³»çµ±ããã³æ¢åã®äžçF(1)åçš®âã¬ãããªãŒã¬âïŒâãã«ãã£ã«âã®ãããšæ¯èŒããïŒäž¡èŠªç³»çµ±ãšæ¯èŒãããšããïŒMS-IIã®æå®ç¡¬åºŠã¯è±ç²èŠªã§ããè»æç®SãšåçãšãªãïŒæç®ç¡¬åºŠã¯Sãããäœãå€ãšãªã£ãïŒ3段æå¿æ œå¹ã«ãããŠïŒMS-IIã®æå®ç¡¬åºŠã¯ç¬¬1段ã§ã¯2åçš®ãšå·®ã¯ç¡ãã£ããïŒäžäœææ¿ã»ã©äž¡åçš®ãããäœããªãåŸåã瀺ããïŒæç®ç¡¬åºŠã¯ïŒç¬¬1ææ¿ã§ã¯âã¬ãããªãŒã¬âãããäœãïŒâãã«ãã£ã«âãããé«ãã£ããïŒäžäœææ¿ã»ã©äž¡åçš®ãããäœãå€ãšãªãåŸåã瀺ããïŒMS-IIã®å€æç®ã«ãããã¯ãã¯ã©åã枬å®ãããšããïŒâãã«ãã£ã«âãšåçãšãªãïŒâã¬ãããªãŒã¬âãããäœãã£ãïŒãŸãïŒMS-IIã®ã¯ãã¯ã©å±€ã®çºéçšåºŠã2åçš®ãããäœãããšã芳å¯ããïŒMS-IIã®æç®ç¡¬åºŠã2åçš®ãããäœãåŸåã瀺ãã®ã¯ïŒå€æç®ã«ãããã¯ãã¯ã©å±€ã®çºéçšåºŠãäœããããšæšæž¬ããã
Application of Controlled-release Fertilizer to Netted Melon Cultivation Using Root-proof Capillary Wick
Use of controlled-release fertilizer in limited amount of soil and sand medium for netted melon cultivation using a root-proof capillary wick was investigated. The first experiment consisted of 3 lots of soil medium. 1) 3L medium used throughout the cultivation period (A); 2) 6L medium used throughout the cultivation period (B); 3) 3L used until pollination stage, then a partitioning board removed to increase the growth medium to 6L (C). Average of one fruit weight was 1.4 kg in A and B, but only 1.2 kg in C. Brix° value was 13.1 in A, 13.6 in B and 13.4 in C, respectively. The stem diameter at the time of pollination was largest in B in which there was fruit cracking that was also observed in C, but not in A. The root dry weight was highest in A. These results indicate that the restricted medium of 3L presents a potential for good fruit production. The second experiment consisted of 4 lots with 3L medium each: 1) soil and fertilizer medium as in experiment 1; 2) sand and fertilizer medium as in lot 1); 3) sand and slower release fertilizer; 4) sand and half of fertilizer at planting and an additional fertilizer bag placed on the wick at time of pollination. Although cracking fruits occurred 75% in 3) and 37.5% in 4), there was no cracking of fruits in 1) and 2), in which fruit weight in the latter was 1.5kg and brix° value of 14.5 was obtained. These results indicate that controlled-release fertilizer is useful for fruit production
of netted melon in sand medium of 3L with a high potential for reuse
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The young flower buds in three male sterile mutants derived from cv.First were treated with gibberellins to determine whether pollen degradation could be inhibited.Microscopic observations of acetocarmine preparations revealed that the application of gibberellins inhibitde pollen degragation for all tested mutants of Fms-1,Fms2 and Fms-3 in which their breakdown in microsporogenesis occurs at microspore stage,during meiosis and at tetrad formation ,respectively.The optimum concentration and treatment time were 10mg/1 and 6-12days before flowering,GA7 proved to be preferable to GA3 for pollen fertility restoration.With the elingation of stameans by gibberellin application,viable pollens appeared frequeitly in Fms-2 mutant,being over 200grains on a 0.5mm
equatorial section of anthers in the best case,as compared to the other mutants.Bioassay using dwafrice seedilings showe that the Fms-2 plants had lower levels of gibberellin in their anthers compared with normal ones.ãããâãã¡ãŒã¹ãâããäœåºããéæ§äžçšç³»çµ±ã«ãããŠããã®è±ç²åŽ©å£ããžãã¬ãªã³ã«ãã£ãŠé»å®³ããããã©ãããæ€èšããããžãã¬ãªã³ã®é»å®³å¹æã¯è±ç²åŽ©å£ãå°èåæã«å§ãŸãFms-1ã¿ã€ããæžæ°åè£æã«å§ãŸãFms-2ã¿ã€ããåååæã«å§ãŸãFms-3ã¿ã€ãã®ãããã«ãããŠãèªãããããæé©æ¿åºŠã¯10mg/âã§æ£åžåŸ6æ¥ãã12æ¥ç®ã«éè±ããŠããè¯ã§èªããããããã®å ŽåãGA3ãããGA7ã®æ¹ãå¹æã¯é«ãã£ããéè±æã®è¯0.25mm暪æåçäžã®ã¢ã»ãã«ãŒãã³æè²è±ç²ïŒçåè±ç²ïŒã¯Fms-2ã§æãå€ã200ç²ä»¥äžã瀺ããã®ããã£ããFms-2è±ç²ã®çåã«ã¯è¯ã®å§çž®å埩ã䌎ã£ãŠãããFms-2è¯ã®ãžãã¬ãªã³æŽ»æ§ã¯ãªãªãžãã«æ£åžžè¯ã®ããããäœãã£ã
Large-fruited Tomato Production as Affected by Root-zone Extension and Wick Addition During Cultivation in a Capillary Wick System
This study was conducted to investigate the possibility to use capillary wick system in large-fruited tomato production. The first experiment in the autumn-winter season of 2006 was carried out to investigate
the effects of the amount of substrate on growth and yield of tomato. Treatments involved growing large-fruited tomato in one box (2.8â/plant) continuously, or adding substrate at flowering of the 7th truss in a 2nd box (5.6â/plant). Fruit yield was higher when the root-zone was extended with double the substrate volume. The second experiment in spring-summer season of 2007 was aimed at improving growth and yield of tomato by extension of root-zone and addition of wick. Tomato plants were either grown in one box with one wick continuously, or with addition of substrate in a 2nd box at flowering of the 4th truss. Additionally, one more wick was inserted into 50% of the 2nd boxes. Half of the plants were grown in two boxes with one wick, and the other half with two wicks. Higher yield was obtained from the plants grown in two boxes with two wicks, suggesting that fruit yield was increased by increasing water transport through wick addition coupled with root-zone extension. Plant growth and fruit yield of large-fruited tomato was stable without blossom-end rot when root-zone was extended and half strength of Ohtsuka-A nutrient solution supplied through the capillary wick system. There was, however, a slight sign of physiological disorder at the leaf margins similar to potassium deficiency.ãé²æ ¹çµŠæ°Žã²ãããå©çšããåºé¢çµŠæ°Žæ³ã倧çãããçç£ã«é©çšå¯èœãã©ãããæ€èšããïŒ2006幎ç§ïŸå¬å£ã®å®éšã§ã¯ïŒå¹å°éããããã®çè²ãšåéã«åãŒã圱é¿ã«ã€ããŠèª¿æ»ããïŒå€§çããããçµå§1stBoxïŒïŒ2.8âplantïŒ1ïŒã§æ œå¹ããåŠçåºãšïŒæ®µè±æ¿éè±æã«2ndBoxïŒïŒ2.8âïŒã«å¹å°ãè¿œå ãïŒæçµçã«ïŒstBox + 2ndBoxïŒïŒ5.6âplantïŒ1ïŒã§æ œå¹ããåŠçåºãæ¯èŒããçµæïŒå¹å°éãïŒåã«ãïŒæ ¹åãæ¡åŒµããåŠçåºã®åéãé«ããªã£ãïŒ2007幎æ¥ïŸå€å£ã®å®éšã§ã¯æ ¹åæ¡åŒµããã³ãã²ããé©çšæ¬æ°ã®å¢å ã«ãããããã®çè²åéãæ¹ååºæ¥ãããæ€èšããããïŒçµå§ 1stBoxïŒãã²ãã1æ¬ã§æ œå¹ããåºïŒ4段è±æ¿éè±æã«å¹å°ãè¿œå ãæçµçã«1stBox + 2ndBoxã§æ œå¹ãããïŒããã«ã¯ãã²ããã¯é
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Deficiency and Immobility of Magnesium in Cucumber Leaves
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Application of continuous light in a plant factory system 4. Physiological changes and concept of injury induction in plant leaves under continuous light
Physiological changes and concept of injury induction occurring under continuous light are comprehensively reviewed. Continuous light usually reduces photosynthetic rate, which may relate to changes in transpiration and leaf necrosis caused by reactive oxygen species. Other factors apart from photosynthesis may also affect leaf injuries occurring under continuous light. Continuous light sometimes increases carbohydrate and some secondary metabolite contents
Potential for Tomato Cultivation Using Capillary Wick- watering Method
This research was conducted to investigate any potential problems that may be encountered while
using capillary wick irrigation system. Medium-fruited tomato plants were cultivated in spring up to the
10th truss.
In the first experiment, a 1/5,000a wagner pot was used, and small openings were made 5mm or
50mm from the bottom of the pots. Capillary wicks, 4 cm in width and 45 cm in length were inserted
into the slits and aligned to the potâs inner wall perpendicularly to the soil surface. The other end of the
wick was dipped in half or full strength Ohtsuka-A nutrient solution. The wick was covered with water
permeable root-barrier material to prevent root penetration into wick. This resulted in good growth and
relatively high yield. Without covering, roots grew vigorously into the wicks and 1 month after transplanting
extended to the reservoir solution. Removal of root overgrowth caused wilting in some of the
plants. This symptom was more pronounced where the wick insertion points were 50 mm from the base.
Root contexture was observed in non-covered and imperfectly covered wicks. These results indicate that
it is important to make a wick with a perfect covering for stable plant growth and fruit yield.
In the second experiment, the capacity of 2 cm or 4 cm wide with and single or double layers of capillary
wicks to transport water to the plant root-zone was examined. Some of the plants wilted in the 2 cm
single layer, while no differences were observed in other treatments. Furthermore, a high percentage of
blossom-end rot was recorded in all treatments. In response to water uptake by the plants, the nutrient
solution was supplied daily depending on the decrease of water in the reservoir, in order to maintain the
water level fluctuation within a 3 cm range. This fluctuation may account for the blossom-end rot
prevalence observed, probably due to water-stress imposed on the plants by unstable water level in the reservoir.ãæ¯ç®¡çµŠæ°Žã²ããã«ãããããæ œå¹ã®å¯èœæ§ãæ¢ãããïŒäžçãããã®10段æå¿æ œå¹ãè©Šã¿ïŒã²ãã®ç¹æ§ãšæ œå¹äžã®åé¡ç¹ãæããã«ããïŒ1/5,000ïœã¯ã°ãã«ãããã®åºãã5ãäœãš50ãäœã«å°ç©ŽãéãïŒãããžæ¯ç®¡ã²ãïŒå¹
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