SENYAWA KIMIA PENYUSUN EKSTRAK ETHYL ASETAT DARI DAUN PISANG BATU DAN AMBON HASIL DISTILASI AIR

Daun pisang merupakan salah satu bahan pemberi flavor pada makanan. Flavor pada daun pisang diberikan saat daun pisang tersebut digunakan sebagai pembungkus produk pangan olahan saat memasak. Penelitian bertujuan  untuk mengetahui perbedaan komposisi senyawa kimia penghasil aroma dalam ekstrak dua jenis daun pisang (Musa spp.) yang dihasilkan dengan metode distilasi air yang kemudian diekstrak cair-cair dengan pelarut ethyl asetat. Jenis daun pisang yang digunakan adalah dari pisang batu (Musa balbisiana) dan pisang ambon (Musa acuminata). Ekstrak ethyl asetat daun pisang yang dihasilkan diidentifikasi senyawa penyusunnya dengan kromatografi GC-MS dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil identifikasi senyawa kimia dari kedua jenis daun pisang hasil distilasi air yang   diekstrak   dengan  pelarut  ethyl  asetat   menunjukkan  adanya  senyawa yang sama    yaitu 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Phytol,   Vanillin, E-15-Heptadecenal dan   1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester. Kelima senyawa tersebut diduga berkontribusi terhadap aroma atau flavor pada kedua jenis daun pisang. Selain kelima senyawa tersebut, pada daun pisang ambon terdapat senyawa Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) dan Alloaromadendren yang diduga berkontribusi juga pada flavor yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci : daun pisang, distilasi, flavor, ethyl aseta

COMPARISON STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY FROM THREE BANANA LEAVES EXTRACTS

Banana (Musa spp.) is mainly grown in the tropical and subtropical countries. Previous study reported that Musa spp. leaves had a potential antioxidant activity, but it was still rarely studied further. In this research, leaves of Musa balbisiana, Musa acuminate, and Musa paradisiaca were extracted using maceration method for 24 hours with three kinds of solvent having different polarities: ethanol (polar), ethyl acetate (semi polar), and hexane (nonpolar). The goal of this research was to compare and determine the stability of the antioxidant activity extracted from different Musa sp. leaves. The highest antioxidant activity is found from Musa balbisiana leaves extract with IC50 value 340.07±22.54 ppm (hexane fraction). Correlation analysis between antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid of the extracts cannot conclude that the active antioxidant substances in these three banana species leaves were from phenolic or flavonoid groups. This crude extract from Musa balbisiana was then subjected to various pH levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0) and temperatures (50, 70, and 90°C) to determine the stability of its antioxidant activity. It is found that the best stability condition is at pH 3.0 and temperature of 50°C with an increase of 63.1% in IC50, a decrease of 15.72% in total phenolics, and a decrease of 3.67% in total flavonoids as compared to before treatment

PROFIL SENYAWA POLAR TIGA JENIS MINYAK GORENG SELAMA PENGGORENGAN TAHU DAN TEMPE

The quality of repeatedly used frying oil can be seen from its total polar material (TPM) content. This study aims to determine the influence of different types of oil with different degrees of unsaturation (coco-nut, palm, soybean oil) and foodstuffs with different characteristics (tofu and tempe) to the formation of the polar compounds in repeatedly used frying oil, based on the content of TPM, FFA, BI, FTIR and UV-Vis spectra. Chemical characterization of materials used was done in the first research stage. The second stage was the analysis of the polar compounds of the oil which was used for 3 hours/day for a dried of 15 hours. The results showed that the type of oil and food type affected the levels of TPM with increasing time of frying. The highest level of TPM 19.41±0.13% obtained from combination soybean frying oil-tempeh (15 hours). The FTIR spectrum of the polar fraction from the used frying oil showed a large absorption in area 3600-3200 cm-1 wavelength in which hydroxyl groups indicate the polarity of the frying oil. The rate of in-crease of FFA in all combinations of oil type-tempeh was faster than combination oil type-tofu. Coconut oil-tofu has a slower rate for FFA and browning index. The carbonyl compound in frying oil was showed from peak spectrum absorption at 420 nm