280 research outputs found
Improving Photoelectron Counting and Particle Identification in Scintillation Detectors with Bayesian Techniques
Many current and future dark matter and neutrino detectors are designed to
measure scintillation light with a large array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs).
The energy resolution and particle identification capabilities of these
detectors depend in part on the ability to accurately identify individual
photoelectrons in PMT waveforms despite large variability in pulse amplitudes
and pulse pileup. We describe a Bayesian technique that can identify the times
of individual photoelectrons in a sampled PMT waveform without deconvolution,
even when pileup is present. To demonstrate the technique, we apply it to the
general problem of particle identification in single-phase liquid argon dark
matter detectors. Using the output of the Bayesian photoelectron counting
algorithm described in this paper, we construct several test statistics for
rejection of backgrounds for dark matter searches in argon. Compared to simpler
methods based on either observed charge or peak finding, the photoelectron
counting technique improves both energy resolution and particle identification
of low energy events in calibration data from the DEAP-1 detector and
simulation of the larger MiniCLEAN dark matter detector.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figure
Design and construction of the MicroBooNE Cosmic Ray Tagger system
The MicroBooNE detector utilizes a liquid argon time projection chamber
(LArTPC) with an 85 t active mass to study neutrino interactions along the
Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. With a deployment location near ground
level, the detector records many cosmic muon tracks in each beam-related
detector trigger that can be misidentified as signals of interest. To reduce
these cosmogenic backgrounds, we have designed and constructed a TPC-external
Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT). This sub-system was developed by the Laboratory for
High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein center for fundamental physics,
University of Bern. The system utilizes plastic scintillation modules to
provide precise time and position information for TPC-traversing particles.
Successful matching of TPC tracks and CRT data will allow us to reduce
cosmogenic background and better characterize the light collection system and
LArTPC data using cosmic muons. In this paper we describe the design and
installation of the MicroBooNE CRT system and provide an overview of a series
of tests done to verify the proper operation of the system and its components
during installation, commissioning, and physics data-taking
Ionization Electron Signal Processing in Single Phase LArTPCs II. Data/Simulation Comparison and Performance in MicroBooNE
The single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) provides a
large amount of detailed information in the form of fine-grained drifted
ionization charge from particle traces. To fully utilize this information, the
deposited charge must be accurately extracted from the raw digitized waveforms
via a robust signal processing chain. Enabled by the ultra-low noise levels
associated with cryogenic electronics in the MicroBooNE detector, the precise
extraction of ionization charge from the induction wire planes in a
single-phase LArTPC is qualitatively demonstrated on MicroBooNE data with event
display images, and quantitatively demonstrated via waveform-level and
track-level metrics. Improved performance of induction plane calorimetry is
demonstrated through the agreement of extracted ionization charge measurements
across different wire planes for various event topologies. In addition to the
comprehensive waveform-level comparison of data and simulation, a calibration
of the cryogenic electronics response is presented and solutions to various
MicroBooNE-specific TPC issues are discussed. This work presents an important
improvement in LArTPC signal processing, the foundation of reconstruction and
therefore physics analyses in MicroBooNE.Comment: 54 pages, 36 figures; the first part of this work can be found at
arXiv:1802.0870
A Deep Neural Network for Pixel-Level Electromagnetic Particle Identification in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber
We have developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) that can make a
pixel-level prediction of objects in image data recorded by a liquid argon time
projection chamber (LArTPC) for the first time. We describe the network design,
training techniques, and software tools developed to train this network. The
goal of this work is to develop a complete deep neural network based data
reconstruction chain for the MicroBooNE detector. We show the first
demonstration of a network's validity on real LArTPC data using MicroBooNE
collection plane images. The demonstration is performed for stopping muon and a
charged current neutral pion data samples
Ionization Electron Signal Processing in Single Phase LArTPCs I. Algorithm Description and Quantitative Evaluation with MicroBooNE Simulation
We describe the concept and procedure of drifted-charge extraction developed
in the MicroBooNE experiment, a single-phase liquid argon time projection
chamber (LArTPC). This technique converts the raw digitized TPC waveform to the
number of ionization electrons passing through a wire plane at a given time. A
robust recovery of the number of ionization electrons from both induction and
collection anode wire planes will augment the 3D reconstruction, and is
particularly important for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. A number of
building blocks of the overall procedure are described. The performance of the
signal processing is quantitatively evaluated by comparing extracted charge
with the true charge through a detailed TPC detector simulation taking into
account position-dependent induced current inside a single wire region and
across multiple wires. Some areas for further improvement of the performance of
the charge extraction procedure are also discussed.Comment: 60 pages, 36 figures. The second part of this work can be found at
arXiv:1804.0258
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Cosmogenic neutron production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Neutrons produced in nuclear interactions initiated by cosmic-ray muons present an irreducible background to many rare-event searches, even in detectors located deep underground. Models for the production of these neutrons have been tested against previous experimental data, but the extrapolation to deeper sites is not well understood. Here we report results from an analysis of cosmogenically produced neutrons at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. A specific set of observables are presented, which can be used to benchmark the validity of geant4 physics models. In addition, the cosmogenic neutron yield, in units of 10-4 cm2/(g·μ), is measured to be 7.28±0.09(stat)-1.12+1.59(syst) in pure heavy water and 7.30±0.07(stat)-1.02+1.40(syst) in NaCl-loaded heavy water. These results provide unique insights into this potential background source for experiments at SNOLAB
Triplet lifetime in gaseous argon
MiniCLEAN is a single-phase liquid argon dark matter experiment. During the
initial cooling phase, impurities within the cold gas (140 K) were monitored
by measuring the scintillation light triplet lifetime, and ultimately a triplet
lifetime of 3.480 0.001 (stat.) 0.064 (sys.) s was obtained,
indicating ultra-pure argon. This is the longest argon triplet time constant
ever reported. The effect of quenching of separate components of the
scintillation light is also investigated
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