Adopting Lean Supply Chain at Unipharma Syria to Improve its Response to Clients

Abstract This research aims to test the impact of the adoption of lean supply chain standards in improving Unipharma Syria response to its clients' posts the Syrian crisis of 2011. The researcher used descriptive and analytical approach to study Universal Pharmaceutical Industries. UNIPHARMA one of the well-known highly developed firms in the Pharmaceutical Industries in Syria. The data was collected from a questionnaire distributed to 100 employees working at Unipharma Damascus, 98 valid responses were received. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS software. The result of the research showed that the company's reliance on process standardization and industrial standards was relatively high and the adoption rate for industrial standards are the highest. The company's response rate to its customers in terms of flexibility and delivery is not high and convergent for both variables. Keywords lean supply chain, customer response, Process Standardization, Industrial Standard

Assessing the Sustainability of Facilities Management in the ‎Food Sector in Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Sustainability is becoming an indispensable and concerning issue for firms in today's business environment. Especially in the food and restaurant sectors.  Sustainability focuses on satisfying the needs of the current period without conceding the capability of future consumers to meet their desires. Yet, an inclusive adoption of Sustainability is lagging in the restaurant and eatery industry in emerging market such as Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Therefore, this study focuses on the current practices of sustainable facilities in restaurants and lodging businesses in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The researchers conducted unstructured interview for the data collection from (10) restaurateurs managing and working in 5 luxurious restaurants and 5 fast-food ones. The restaurants selected were categorized as luxurious restaurants and fast food restaurants, the topics of the interviews were related to energy, waste and water. The data were analyzed by using frequency. The main approach in data gathering was qualitative. The interview queries were taken from related articles and divided into 3 sections: awareness plan, strategic planning, and restaurants' criteria of SAM. A content analysis method was used to identify the trend from previously published literature. The result showed that luxurious restaurants do apply sustainability in their operations, while fast-food restaurants lag behind. Finally, recommendations of this study can be of help to all restaurants in Kurdistan area by introducing a proper practice of sustainability to improve and develop their businesses to meet customers' needs and gain competitive advantages ahead of their competitors

Reciprocal Leadership Influence on Organizational Change

The devastating effect of the crisis of 2011 on Syrian tourism industry was enormous; this led the industry's hoteliers to shift their attention to different strategies and organizational change to regain the business lost from such crisis. This research introduces the concept of reciprocal leadership as an effective tool in implementing organizational change in Dama Rose Hotel post-Syrian crisis of 2011. We presented the research problem in the following question: Do the dimensions of reciprocal leadership have any role in the success of managing the process of organizational change? The research used a qualitative approach; the primary data was composed of a questionnaire distributed to 65employeesworking at Dama Rose Hotel located in Damascus, Syria. The secondary data was composed of scientific journals, website, and textbooks.  The outcome showed a positive relationship between reciprocal leadership dimensions on the process of managing the organizational change in the hotel, and there was a positive relationship between reciprocal leadership and organizational change

Personal Digital Marketing Influence on Successful Marketing Campaign in Today’s Digital Age

Personal digital marketing is an essential aspect of modern marketing campaigns. It involves using digital channels such as social media, email marketing, and content marketing to create a unique identity and promote it to a target audience. The article aims to examine the influence of personal digital marketing on successful marketing campaign. This study uses a descriptive and quantitative approach to test the effect of independent variables (digital personal marketing elements) on the degree of success in personal marketing campaign. The data were collected by a questionnaire distributed to 300 marketers, owners, and young entrepreneurs. A regression analysis was applied to test the study hypothesis. The results showed that personal marketing elements: branding, content creation, networking, social media management, personal website and personal development, directly affect the degree of success in personal marketing campaign

The Influence of Individual, Environmental, Technology, and Manufacturing Factors on Iraqi Gas and Oil Companies

Implementation of agile technology and its effects on individuals, the environment, technology, and manufacturing factors are the focus of this study, with a special focus on agile technology's moderating effect. Consequently, this study investigates a unique conceptual framework to extend the notions of agile technology implementation in order to address this research gap. This conceptual framework has been subjected to empirical testing, with 380 population-representative employees serving as participants. This study establishes the inclusion requirements for Iraqi oil and gas firms. Using a self-administered questionnaire, data are collected and analyzed using structural equation modelling (PLS). The finding shows that there are various factors that have a positive effect on oil and gas companies in Iraq. The implementation of agile technology also has a partially significant positive moderating effect on these factors, indicating that agile technology can amplify the positive impact of these factors. This can lead to profits and the ability for companies to achieve long-term goals and a competitive advantage in the business environment while achieving sustainability in the oil and gas field. These findings are significant, as they suggest that the implementation of agile technology can have a positive impact on the oil and gas industry in Iraq, leading to long-term sustainability and profitability

Applying Knowledge Management Processes to ‎Improve Institutional Performance ‎

This study aimed to identify the role of knowledge management ‎processes in improving ‎the level of institutional performance in Cihan ‎University- Erbil, Iraq. For the purpose of ‎achieving the study objectives, a hypothesis has been formulated with two sub-‎hypotheses. The study relied on a descriptive analytical approach. The data were collected ‎by a questionnaire distributed randomly to 90 academic staff at Cihan University-Erbil ‎Campus, 74 valid responses were received. The results showed that knowledge ‎management ‎processes play an important role in improving the institutional performance ‎‎level of the institution studied. Also, the processes of ‎generating and storing knowledge ‎show have stronger correlation than the ‎processes of distributing and applying knowledge ‎in improving the institutional ‎performance level in the University. ‎The novelty of this ‏article comes from ‏its results and the set of ‎recommendations that will contribute to ‎raising the level of ‎institutional performance.

Ethical Leadership Role in Job Embeddedness and Job Involvement ‎

The aim of this article is to verify the relationship between ethical leadership (EL) and job embeddedness (JE) and job involvement (JI) in charity organizations in Erbil province, Iraq. Also, identifying the role of ethical leadership in enhancing job involvement and job embeddedness. The data were collected by questionnaire distributed to 320 staff working at charity organizations in Erbil, Iraq. The data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS 26 to test the hypothesis of the study. The outcome of this article showed a positive relationship between EL and JE and JI. Also, there is a positive effect between the EL and JE. The implication of the study point to the essential role of ethical leadership in changing employees’ attitudes positively toward job involvement and satisfaction

The Role of Artificial Intelligence Application in Strategic Marketing Decision-Making Process

This review article examines artificial intelligence (AI)’s role in strategic marketing decision-making. The researchers interviewed experts with experience in decision-making and used Carrefour Iraq as a case study to identify themes on how humans use AI for better strategic marketing decision-making. The key themes in this review were factors such as big data, efficiency, quality, trust and limitations for prediction. The study has also looked into the marketing aspect of these themes within the scope of this research. The findings indicate that AI is recognized as a tool that may support humans in making strategic decisions in marketing. However, AI can technically make such decisions without human intervention; people do not want to give AI complete autonomy in decision-making. Furthermore, the result implies that rather than making decisions independently, AI is more frequently applied to enhance strategic decision-making. It suggests that Al aims to improve decision making-making rather than supplant people in daily life. In addition, the study makes the case that Al can assist humans in making better decisions by forecasting future scenarios that consider a particular action consequence