Vector competence of <i>Ae. aegypti s.l.</i> collections in Senegal.

<p>Disseminated infection rate (DIR) appears in black, midgut infection barrier rate (MIB) appears in grey, and midgut escape barrier rate (MEB) appears in white. Pairwise Fisher's Exact Tests were performed on all collections. Strains with equivalent rates have the same labels and these were significantly different from one another. Sample sizes = 50–65 females.</p

Addition of Senegal collections to Figure 1.

<p>Addition of Senegal collections to <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000408#pntd-0000408-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p

Distribution of <i>Aaa</i> or <i>Aaf</i> in Senegal.

<p>Pairwise Fisher's Exact Tests were performed on all collections. Strains with equivalent rates have the same labels and these were significantly different from one another.</p

<i>Aedes aegypti s.l.</i> collection sites and associated sample sites in Senegal.

<p>Predominant vegetation zones are also shown.</p

Regression analysis of pairwise F_ST/(1−F_ST) for the SNP markers against geographic distances (km) (upper panel), pairwise F_ST/(1−F_ST) for SNP markers against ln(geographic distances (km)) (lower panel).

<p>Regression analysis of pairwise F_ST/(1−F_ST) for the SNP markers against geographic distances (km) (upper panel), pairwise F_ST/(1−F_ST) for SNP markers against ln(geographic distances (km)) (lower panel).</p

Wright's F-statistics estimated by Weir and Cockerham's method [44] among the 19 Senegal collections.

***<p>P≤0.0001.</p><p>Under F_IS are indicated the number of tests for goodness-of-fit to Hardy-Weinberg expectation in which F_IS≠0 over the number of tests. This is followed by the number of tests in which F_IS>0 and the number in which F_IS<0.</p

Geographic origin, sex, and sample sizes of <i>Aedes aegypti s.l.</i> used to screen for SNPs.

<p>Geographic origin, sex, and sample sizes of <i>Aedes aegypti s.l.</i> used to screen for SNPs.</p

UPGMA cluster analysis of pairwise F_ST/(1−F_ST) markers among the 25 collections.

<p>UPGMA cluster analysis of pairwise F_ST/(1−F_ST) markers among the 25 collections.</p

Vector Competence in West African <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Is Flavivirus Species and Genotype Dependent

<div><p>Background</p><p>Vector competence of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes is a quantitative genetic trait that varies among geographic locations and among different flavivirus species and genotypes within species. The subspecies <i>Ae. aegypti formosus</i>, found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, is considered to be refractory to both dengue (DENV) and yellow fever viruses (YFV) compared to the more globally distributed <i>Ae. aegypti aegypti</i>. Within Senegal, vector competence varies with collection site and DENV-2 viral isolate, but knowledge about the interaction of West African <i>Ae. aegypti</i> with different flaviviruses is lacking. The current study utilizes low passage isolates of dengue-2 (DENV-2-75505 sylvatic genotype) and yellow fever (YFV BA-55 -West African Genotype I, or YFV DAK 1279-West African Genotype II) from West Africa and field derived <i>Ae. aegypti</i> collected throughout Senegal to determine whether vector competence is flavivirus or virus genotype dependent.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>Eight collections of 20–30 mosquitoes from different sites were fed a bloodmeal containing either DENV-2 or either isolate of YFV. Midgut and disseminated infection phenotypes were determined 14 days post infection. Collections varied significantly in the rate and intensity of midgut and disseminated infection among the three viruses.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Overall, vector competence was dependent upon both viral and vector strains. Importantly, contrary to previous studies, sylvatic collections of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> showed high levels of disseminated infection for local isolates of both DENV-2 and YFV.</p></div

AMOVA of SNP allele frequencies among and within A) years, B) subspecies, C) regions, D) vegetational zones, E) phytogeographic regions, and F) habitats.

<p>AMOVA of SNP allele frequencies among and within A) years, B) subspecies, C) regions, D) vegetational zones, E) phytogeographic regions, and F) habitats.</p