Assessment of worn textile antennas’ exposure on the physiological parameters and well-being of adults

This paper presents the assessment of short-term wireless body area network (WBAN) exposure, which is operated at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.45 GHz) in the vicinity of the human body. The experiment utilizes two popular textile antenna topologies, a planar monopole and a patch antenna as the radiating sources. The objective of this experiment is to investigate whether the exposure from WBAN may influence the physiological parameters (body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate) and the well-being of the wearer. Counter-balanced, crossover, and the single-blind method was applied in the experimental setup. P-value is the probability value, under the assumption of no effect or no difference (the null hypothesis) of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed. If P<; 0.05, it indicates that P-value will be less than the level of significance. Thus, the null hypothesis (no effect or no difference) can be rejected, and it can be concluded that there exist effects to the respondents. The results showed that there is statistically no significant difference between the active exposure and the Sham (no exposure) which may affect the physiological parameters and well-being of the wearers, with P>0.05, which failed to reject the null hypothesis (no effect)

Assessment of worn textile antennas\u27 exposure on the physiological parameters and well-being of adults

This paper presents the assessment of short-term wireless body area network (WBAN) exposure, which is operated at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.45 GHz) in the vicinity of the human body. The experiment utilizes two popular textile antenna topologies, a planar monopole and a patch antenna as the radiating sources. The objective of this experiment is to investigate whether the exposure from WBAN may influence the physiological parameters (body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate) and the well-being of the wearer. Counter-balanced, crossover, and the single-blind method was applied in the experimental setup. P-value is the probability value, under the assumption of no effect or no difference (the null hypothesis) of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed. If P \u3c0.05, it indicates that P-value will be less than the level of significance. Thus, the null hypothesis (no effect or no difference) can be rejected, and it can be concluded that there exist effects to the respondents. The results showed that there is statistically no significant difference between the active exposure and the Sham (no exposure) which may affect the physiological parameters and well-being of the wearers, with P \u3e0.05, which failed to reject the null hypothesis (no effect)

Microstrip sensor based on ring resonator coupled with double square split ring resonator for solid material permittivity characterization

Abstract This paper analyzes a microwave resonator sensor based on a square split-ring resonator operating at 5.122 GHz for permittivity characterization of a material under test (MUT). A single-ring square resonator edge (S-SRR) is coupled with several double-split square ring resonators to form the structure (D-SRR). The function of the S-SRR is to generate a resonant at the center frequency, whereas D-SRRs function as sensors, with their resonant frequency being very sensitive to changes in the MUT’s permittivity. In a traditional S-SRR, a gap emerges between the ring and the feed line to improve the Q-factor, but the loss increases as a result of the mismatched coupling of the feed lines. To provide adequate matching, the microstrip feed line is directly connected to the single-ring resonator in this article. The S-SRR’s operation switches from passband to stopband by generating edge coupling with dual D-SRRs located vertically on both sides of the S-SRR. The proposed sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to effectively identify the dielectric properties of three MUTs (Taconic-TLY5, Rogers 4003C, and FR4) by measuring the microwave sensor’s resonant frequency. When the MUT is applied to the structure, the measured findings indicate a change in resonance frequency. The primary constraint of the sensor is that it can only be modeled for materials with a permittivity ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The proposed sensors’ acceptable performance was achieved through simulation and measurement in this paper. Although the simulated and measured resonance frequencies have shifted, mathematical models have been developed to minimize the difference and obtain greater accuracy with a sensitivity of 3.27. Hence, resonance sensors offer a mechanism for characterizing the dielectric characteristics of varied permittivity of solid materials