Prediction of Self-Efficacy of Women with Gestational Diabetes Based on Coping Styles with Stress

Abstract Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GA) is a common complication associated with perceived stress and self- efficacy effectiveness on the commitment to self-care behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the self- efficacy of women with gestational diabetes based on coping styles with stress. Methods: This study is a predictor correlation study that is done over 400 women with gestational diabetes attending to the clinic of hospitals related to Mashhad University of medical sciences and health centers in the city of Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. Data were collected by individual questionnaire, diabetic self- efficacy and coping styles questionnaire of Folkman and Lazarus. Descriptive Statistics performed data analysis, Spearman correlation coefficients test, Liner regressions model, and Multiple regression. A statistical significance was deemed present when the P-value was less than 0.05. Results: The results of Spearman correlation coefficients test showed a significant direct correlation between problem-based coping style and self-efficacy, (P < 0.0001 and r = 0.29); but, there was no significant linear relationship with emotive-based coping style (P = 0.105 and r = 0.08), and according to Liner regressions model, just the problem-based coping style is considered as a predictor variable of self-efficacy (P < 0.0001, β = 2.451, and F = 39.284). Conclusions: According to these findings, midwives can improve self-efficacy among women with gestational diabetes by encouraging them to apply problem-based coping styles with stress

Comparing carbon sequestration in an oil reservoir to sequestration in a brine formation-field study

Geologic sequestration of CO2 in an oil reservoir is generally considered a different class than sequestration in formations which contain only brine. In this paper, the significance and validity of this conceptualization is examined by comparing the performance of CO2 injected into a depleted oil reservoir with the performance of similar injection into non-oil bearing sandstones using a field test at Cranfield Field, Mississippi as a case study. The differences considered are: (1)Residual oil in the reservoir slightly reduces the CO2 breakthrough time and rate of pressure build up as compared to a reservoir containing only brine, because under miscible conditions, more CO2 dissolves into oil than in to brine. (2)Dense wells provide improved assessment of the oil reservoir quality leading to improved prediction as well as verification of CO2 movement in this reservoir as compared to the sparsely characterized brine leg. The value of this information exceeds the risk of leakage. Assessment of the difference made by the presence of residual oil requires a good understanding reservoir properties to predict oil and gas distribution. Stratal slicing, attribute analysis and petrographic analyses are used to define the reservoir architecture. Real-time pressure response at a dedicated observation well and episodic pressure mapping has been conducted in the reservoir under flood since mid-2008; comparison measurements are planned for 2009 in down-dip environments lacking hydrocarbons. Model results using GEM compositional simulator compare well in general to measured reservoir response under CO2 flood; imperfections in model match of flood history document uncertainties Time laps RST logging is underway to validate fluid composition and migration models. Monitoring assessing the performance of the wells during the injection of CO2 suggests that the value of wells to provide field data for characterization exceeds the risk of leakage.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Comparison of the Effect of Pressure on Bladder-GV20 and Gallbladder-GV20 on Labor Pain Intensity among the Primiparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: The cycle of pain, fear, and anxiety may lead to prolonged labor and cesarean section. Acupressure is one of the methods for pain relief. Aim: Therefore,this study aimed to compare the effect of acupressure on bladder-GV20 and gallbladder-GV20 points on the labor pain in primiparous women. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 158 primiparous women, who referred to the Um Al-Benin Specialized Women Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in 2017. The first stage of labor included five and four pressure cycles on acupressure points in bladder and gallbladder in the intervention groups 1 and 2, respectively. In the second stage of labor one pressure cycle on the same points were completed. The control group only received the routine cares. The duration of uterine contractions was assessed by touching the uterus apex. Moreover, the pain intensity was evaluated by the visual analog scale. All the data were analyzed by the SPSS version 25 Results: The mean pain intensity in both stages of the intervention groups was significantly different from the control group and was significantly lower in the gallbladder group (

Assessment of the Relationship between Fear and Self-efficacy of Childbirth during Labor in Primipara Women

Fear of childbirth is an important and prevalent problem during pregnancy and delivery. Self-efficacy of childbirth is one of the factors playing an important role in the fear of delivery. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the fear and self-efficacy of childbirth during labor in primipara women. This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 100 primipara women in Ommolbanin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, during 2017. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. According to the results, the mean scores of fear and self-efficacy of delivery were reported to be 48.9±14.2 and 220.5±54.9, respectively. In addition, there was a reverse association between the scores of fear of childbirth and self-efficacy of delivery using Pearson’s results (r=-0.44,

Diagnostic Value of Risk Nomogram for the Prediction of Postpartum Hemorrhage Following Vaginal Delivery

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is considered as one of the major causes of maternal mortality worldwide. The most effective risk factors have been suggested in various studies on risk nomogram for the prediction of PPH. Aim: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of the risk nomogram for the prediction of PPH. Method: This study was performed prospectively using diagnostic methods on 600 women admitted to Omolbanin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from May to October 2017. The researcher measured and recorded the loss of blood volume in mothers using plastic blood collection bags and pads within 4 h after delivery. Subsequently, risk nomogram was completed for each study sample and the probability score for PPH was calculated by the researcher’s assistants. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 25). Ultimately, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of risk nomogram was plotted in this study. Results: The PPH occurred in 33.3% (n=200) of deliveries in this study. The area under the ROC curve was estimated at 81.2%. The point of 0.1 with 85.5% sensitivity and 51.5% specificity was also selected as the proposed cut-off point for this nomogram. Implications for practice: According to the results, the risk nomogram was considered as an appropriate method for the prediction of PPH. Therefore, it was recommended as a simple and noninvasive approach in childbirth for the prediction of PPH

Comparing the Effects of Training Based on Continuous Care Model and Telehealth on Quality of Sleep in Pregnant Women

Background: Quality of sleep disorder is a common problem during pregnancy. Training based on continuous care model and telehealth has improved the quality of health care and may also ameliorate quality of sleep. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare the effects of training on the quality of sleep in pregnant women on the basis of continuous care model and telehealth. Method: This three-group clinical trial was performed in 2017 on 91 pregnant women visiting health centers in Mashhad, Iran. Orientation, sensitization, control and evaluation were carried out in the continuous care group, and four DVDs were watched by mothers in the telehealth group over the course of four weeks along with eight weeks of follow-up, and the routine care of health centers was administered for the control group. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was completed at the end of weeks 8 and 12 after the start of the study. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 24 using Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. Results: The three groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables (

Characterization and prediction of reservoir quality in chlorite-coated sandstones : evidence from the Late Cretaceous Lower Tuscaloosa Formation at Cranfield Field, Mississippi, U.S.A.

textThe effectiveness of CO₂ injection in the subsurface for storage and EOR are controlled by reservoir quality variation. This study determines the depositional processes and diagenetic alterations affecting reservoir quality of the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation at Cranfield Field. It also determines the origin, time and processes of the grain-coating chlorite and its impacts on reservoir quality. Moreover, by integrating depositional and diagenetic characteristics and by linking them to sequence stratigraphy, the distribution of reservoir quality, could be predicted within a sequence stratigraphic framework. The studied sandstones are composed of medium to coarse-grained, moderately sorted litharenite to sublitharenite with composition of Q76.1F0.4L23.5. Depositional environment of this formation in the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin is interpreted as incised-valley fluvial fill systems. The cross sections and maps at the field show trend of the sandy intervals within channels with a NW-SE paleocurrent direction. During burial of the sandstones, different digenetic alterations including compaction, dissolution, replacement and cementation by chlorite, quartz, carbonate, kaolinite, titanium oxides, pyrite and iron-oxide modified the porosity and permeability. Among these, formation of chlorite coats plays the most important role in reservoir quality. The well-formed, thick and continuous chlorite coatings in the coarser grain sandstones inhibited formation of quartz overgrowth, resulted in high porosity and permeability after deep burial; whereas the finer grain sandstones with the poorly-formed, thin and discontinuous chlorite coatings have been cemented by quartz. The optimum amount of chlorite to prevent formation of quartz overgrowths is 6% of rock volume. The chlorite coats are composed of two layers including the inner chlorite layer formed by transformation of the Fe-rich clay precursors (odinite) through mixed-layer clays (serpentine-chlorite) during early eodiagenesis and the outer layer formed by direct precipitation from pore waters through dissolution of ferromagnesian rock fragments during late eodiagenesis to early mesodiagenesis. In the context of the reservoir quality prediction within sequence stratigraphic framework, the late LST and early TST are suitable for deposition of chlorite precursor clays, which by progressive burial during diagenesis could be transformed to chlorite, and thus results in preserving original porosity and permeability in deep burial.Geological Science

Risk Factors of Dystocia in Nulliparous Women

Background: Detection of women at risk for dystocia will allow physicians to make preparations and treatment decisions that can minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity. We aimed to determine the risk factors for dystocia in nulliparous women. Methods: This case series enrolled 447 nulliparous women who presented with a single pregnancy in the vertex presentation and gestational age of 38-42 weeks. Maternal anthropometric measurements were obtained upon admission. We defined dystocia as a cesarean section or vacuum delivery for abnormal progression of labor as evidenced by the presence of effective uterine contractions, cervical dilation of less than 1 cm/h in the active phase for 2 h, duration of the second stage beyond 2 h, or fetal head descent less than 1 cm/h. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 11.5. Kruskal-Wallis, logistic regression, chi-square, Student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney tests were used as appropriated. Results: The state anxiety score (OR=10.58, CI: 1.97-56.0), posterior head position (OR=9.53, CI: 4.68-19.36), fetal head swelling in the second stage of labor (OR=6.85, CI: 2.60-18.01), transverse diagonal of Michaelis sacral ≤9.6 cm (OR=6.19, CI: 2.49-15.40), and height to fundal ratio <4.7 (OR=2.68, CI: 1.09-10.60) were significant risk factors for dystocia. Conclusion: Critical care during labor and delivery in women who have a height to fundal height ratio of <4.7 or transverse diagonal of Michaelis sacral ≤9.6 cm, an anxiety score greater than moderate, and posterior head position or fetal head swelling during the second phase could play an effective and important role in preventing dystocia

Neonatal-Maternal Attachment and Self-compassion in Postpartum Period

Background: between mother and her neonatal reflects the quality of maternal emotional feelings and behaviors toward her baby. This attachment emerges in behaviors, which indicate the mother’s attention and care. Self-compassion is the extension of compassion to oneself in instances of perceived inadequacy, failure, or general suffering. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between maternal-neonatal attachment and self-compassion in postnatal period.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 335 primiparous women, referring to health care centers in Mashhad city in 2014. The study population was selected using the cluster and convenience sampling methods. The research tools were maternal/neonatal demographic form, self-compassion scale, and neonatal-maternal attachment questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model in SPSS software (version 22).Results: The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a positive correlation between the total score of maternal-neonatal attachment and self-compassion in postpartum period (r=0.22, P=0.012). Accordingly, as the score of self-compassion increased, the maternal-neonatal attachment score also enhanced.Conclusion: As the findings indicated, there was a correlation between self-compassion and maternal-neonatal attachment in postnatal period. Therefore, the provision of caregivers with education regarding psychological problems by community health midwives during postnatal period can be effective in the early diagnosis and identification of such disorder

The relationship between food frequency and menstrual distress in high school females

Background: Nutrition pattern is one of the important factors predicting menstrual distress, which varies among different cultures and countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between food frequency and menstrual distress in high school girls from Mashhad. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 using a two-stage sampling method on 407 high school female students from Mashhad who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects completed questionnaires of demographic characteristics, food frequency, and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) during three phases of the menstrual cycle (a week before bleeding, during menstrual bleeding period, and a week after menstruation). The collected data were analyzed by statistical tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient test, independent Student's t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Results showed that 87.7% of the students were at moderate economic status, 82.2% were exposed to cigarette smoke, 94.8% had mothers without university education, and 9.4% had working mothers. About 71% of the students reported minor pre-menstruation distress, 81% reported minor distress during bleeding, and 39% reported minor post-menstruation distress. In addition, the mean (SD) values for sweet–fatty foods, salty–fatty foods, fast foods, and caffeine were 3.6, 3.3, 1.3, and 10.2 per week, respectively. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient test showed no significant correlation between total menstruation distress and food frequency (P > 0.05). Conclusions: With regard to the inappropriate food frequency and high intensity of menstrual distress among high school students and as health care and educational efforts for prevention and health promotion in society are among the duties of health workers, the results of this study can help the officials involved in education to emphasize on nutrition and the menstrual health of students