Aplikasi biopestisida nabati ekstrak serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl) pada tanaman kopi (Coffea sp) di Kabupaten Gowa

Pola perkebunan rakyat pada dasarnya dikelola secara sederhana dengan tingkat pemanfaatan teknologi yang cukup rendah. Seperti pohon pelindung dengan kondisi kurang terawat, program pemeliharaan seperti pemangkasan yang tidak dilaksanakan, khususnya pada tanaman kopi. Teknik budidaya tanaman kopi meliputi kegiatan penanaman, penaungan, pemangkasan, pemupukan pemberantasan hama dan penyakit. Pemberantasan hama dan penyakit umumnya masih mengandalkan pestisida kimia yang sintetik yang efeknya sangat cepat namun berdampak pada resistensi hama/penyakit pada tanaman kopi di waktu mendatang. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah untuk memberikan alternatif penerapan biopestisida nabati ekstrak tanaman serai wangi untuk pertanaman kopi. Metode pengabdian dilakukan dengan ceramah dan demonstrasi pembuatan biopestisida nabati dari ekstrak tanaman serai wangi di Dusun Ma’lenteng, Desa Erelembang, Kecamatan Tombolo Pao, Kabupaten Gowa. Hasil yang didapatkan pada adalah peningkatan pemahaman dan pengetahuan kelompok Tani Perkebunan Kopi mengenai menfaat daun serai wangi dan cara pembuatan pestisida organik. Kegiatan ini juga memberi manfaat diantaranya memberikan solusi tehadap permasalahan hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tanaman kopi sehingga dapat meminimalisir penggunaan pestisida kimia, meningkatkan nilai manfaat dari daun serai wangi serta meningkatkan nilai ekonomi petani karena hemat membeli pestisida. Simpulan kegiatan pengabdian ini berhasil meningkatkan minat dan antusias kelompok Tani Perkebunan Kopi terkait adopsi biopestisida nabati ekstrak serai wangi. Berdasarkan evaluasi, proses diskusi serta tanya jawab, diperoleh rata-rata petani memberikan respon positif terkait adanya rencana tindak lanjut kegiatan pengabdian. Kegiatan ini diharapkan kedepan untuk pendampingan secara berkala dalam bentuk mitra tani untuk meningkatkan pemahaman petani kopi baik dari aspek budidaya, pemanfaatan teknologi dan pemasaran kopi yang berkelanjutan

Penerapan teknologi budidaya tanaman kopi secara berkelanjutan bagi petani di Kabupaten Gowa

Tanaman kopi (Coffea) adalah salah satu genus penting yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi dan dikembangkan secara komersial, terutama Coffea Arabika, Coffea Liberica, Coffea Kanephora diantaranya kopi Robusta. Kopi merupakan komoditas tropis utama yang diperdagangkan di seluruh dunia dengan kontribusi setengah dari total ekspor komoditas tropis. Kabupaten Gowa adalah salah satu daerah yang menghasilkan Kopi dengan kualitas dan cita rasa yang khas, dimana salah satu daerah penghasilnya adalah Dusun Ma’lenteng yang berada di Desa Erelembang. Dusun ini memiliki kendala produksi Kopi akibat kurangnya penerapan teknologi budidaya Kopi secara berkelanjutan oleh Petani. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah tentang standart operating procedur (SOP) terkait teknik budidaya tanaman Kopi. Salah satu teknik yang diunggulkan adalah teknik pemangkasan tanaman kopi. Selain itu dilakukan dengan metode demonstrasi pembuatan pupuk organik cair. Teknik tersebut dipilih dengan melihat kondisi perkebunan dan usia tanaman petani yang memasuki fase generatif untuk pembentukan buah. Fenomena harga pupuk yang semakin mahal membuat petani tidak melaksanakan pemupukan sesuai stadia pertumbuhannya. Melalui teknik pemupukan organik dengan sisa limbah rumah tangga diharapkan mampu memperkaya unsur hara tanah di pertanaman kopi dan meningkatkan produksinya. Hasil pengabdian ini adalah membentuk dan mengoptimalkan kelompok petani kopi berkelanjutan yang mampu menerapkan teknologi budidaya tanaman kopi

The impact of apostasy on contract companies: a Jurisprudential study compared to the Jordanian civil law

This study worked to clarify the main concepts related to its subject, to identify the issue and to clarify the difference in it, and to mention the most correct opinion in it. With regard to issues related to companies and the extent to which they are affected by apostasy, I mention after detailing the issue of the position of the Jordanian civil law on it. Then, at the end of the study, a balance was held between Islamic jurisprudence and the Jordanian civil law, and the study concluded with the results, which are as follows: This issue is dealt with from two aspects; Religion and judiciary, and they have been separated in our contemporary reality, as the separation between religion and life is the result of the rule of man-made laws. It is from a legal point of view that apostasy affects contract companies in Islamic jurisprudence, nullifying them or suspending them at a minimum, and this is not in the law, and therefore the company should not remain based on its usual status in the event of one of the partners apostasy. The covenant in this matter is on the Muslim partner, that the company contract is annulled due to the partner’s apostasy in application of the rule of God Almighty, and this requires filing a lawsuit to dissolve the company, citing a legal reason that enables him to do so, and this is the judicial aspect of the issue. We have seen that the law did not consider apostasy as a reason affecting the validity and permissibility of the company, and for this reason the lawsuit regarding the company’s dissolution is not heard

Effects of substrate concentration and agitation rate on butanol production from palm oil mill effluent using clostridium acetobutylicum

This study is mainly focusing on butanol production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by anaerobic fermentation using Clostridium acetobutylicum. Despite that untreated POME could bring severe effects to environment, POME also can be used as the main substrate due to abundant supply and it potentiality to be utilised by saccharolytic clostridia in butanol fermentation. Reinforced Clostridia Medium (RCM) was functioned as control medium. This study was also to investigate the growth profile rate and the consumption of glucose by C. acetobutylicum during fermentation for 72 hour at 37°C. Fermentation was carried out in 250 mL Schott bottle at a working volume of 150 mL. Other parameters were kept constant at pH 5.8 for POME, pH 6.8 for RCM and 10% inoculum. The effects of substrate concentration and agitation rate in producing butanol were studied. Substrate concentrations used were 70%, 80% and 90% while for agitation rates were 0 rpm, 100 rpm, 175 rpm and 250 rpm. Butanol produced from the fermentation was analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Growth profile rate of C. acetobutylicum in POME and RCM were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Glucose concentration was measured from the calculation of the amount of glucose consumed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method which monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. This experiment were started by clostridia cultivation and then followed by fermentation medium preparation, inoculum preparation, fermentation process for 72 hours and fermentation product analysis. The highest butanol yield in POME was 0.3485 g/L at 70% concentration and 175 rpm while maximum butanol production was produced in 90% RCM at 175 rpm which was 0.5034 g/L. In conclusion, lots of hard work and precaution steps need to be taken in order to make sure higher butanol can be produced at theoretically substrate concentration which is 90% and agitation rate at 200 rpm

The corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone prevents hypoxia/ischemia-induced loss of synaptic function in the rat hippocampus

Background and Purpose-Ischemia is accompanied by abundant corticosterone secretion, which could potentially exacerbate brain damage via activation of glucocorticoid receptors. We addressed whether manipulating steroid levels during ischemia affects hippocampal synaptic function along with neuronal structure. Moreover, we established whether pretreatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 is as effective in preventing deleterious effects after ischemia as is the steroid synthesis inhibitor metyrapone. Methods-Rats underwent 20 minutes of unilateral hypoxia/ischemia (HI). Convulsions were monitored after HI, and 24 hours later, field potentials were recorded in vitro in the hippocampal CAI area in response to stimulation of the Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers. Morphological alterations were determined in brain slices from the same animals. Data were correlated with steroid treatment before HI. Results-Metyrapone suppressed plasma corticosteroid levels during HI, whereas corticosterone treatment significantly elevated plasma steroid levels. These treatments affected the incidence of visible seizures after PII: corticosterone treatment resulted in the highest incidence, whereas metyrapone attenuated the occurrence of seizures. Moreover, the HI-induced impairment in synaptic transmission in the CA1 area in vitro was exacerbated by concomitant corticosteroid treatment and alleviated by pretreatment with metyrapone. In parallel, degenerative changes in the hippocampus after HI were most pronounced after corticosterone treatment, whereas metyrapone reduced these alterations. RU38486 was effective only in reducing the incidence of seizures shortly after ischemia. Conclusions-We tentatively conclude that synaptic function along with cellular integrity is preserved after HI by preventing the ischemia-evoked rise in corticosteroid levels rather than blocking the glucocorticoid receptor