Investigation of the Relationship Between Economic Growth and use of Fossil and Hydroelectric Energy Resources by ARDL Boundary Test: 1971-2018 Iraq Case

Energy is an important input for economies. In this context, many countries have conducted studies to examine how energy affects their economies. In addition, the relationship between energy and economic growth is an important indicator in guiding economic policies. In this study, the effect of Energy Production from Fossil Sources (EPFS) and Energy Production from Hydroelectric Sources (EPHS) on Economic Growth (GDP) for Iraq was analyzed with the ARDL Cointegration test. The data of Iraq used in the study were taken from the official web address of the World Bank and covers the years between 1971-2018. A significant and positive relationship has been found between the energy resources discussed in the study and economic growth. In addition, according to the Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis, a causality relationship from the use of fossil energy resources to economic growth was found. Likewise, a causality relationship has been found from the use of hydroelectric energy resources to economic growth

A New Computational Method Based on Integral Transform for Solving Linear and Nonlinear Fractional Systems

In this article, the Elzaki homotopy perturbation method is applied to solve fractional stiff systems. The Elzaki homotopy perturbation method (EHPM) is a combination of a modified Laplace integral transform called the Elzaki transform and the homotopy perturbation method. The proposed method is applied for some examples of linear and nonlinear fractional stiff systems. The results obtained by the current method were compared with the results obtained by the kernel Hilbert space KHSM method. The obtained result reveals that the Elzaki homotopy perturbation method is an effective and accurate technique to solve the systems of differential equations of fractional order