Effect of Different Industrial Wastes on Soil Quality at Different Locations of Egypt

To declare the effect of pollution by industrial emissions on the agricultural land in some industrial areas of Egypt, soil and wastewater samples were collected from five locations surroundings to industrial factories. Samples of each site were taken to the windward at 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 meter away from the boundary of each factory. The obtained results of chemical analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. The quality of water samples collected from all sites are within the permissible limits for irrigation except this from El-Nasr company of chemical and fertilizers at Talkha which had excessive loaded with organic contaminants. 2. The concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb) in the tested soil samples decreased significantly with increasing the distance away from the source of pollution. Also, dominance of such heavy metals in each site followed the decreasing order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb. These values were much higher than that obtained in the virgin soils (non-polluted soils). 3. The values of soil respiration (microbile activity in the soil samples) significantly increased as the distance from the source of pollution increase at all locations under investigation. An opposite trend was marked between available heavy metals content and microbile activity (r = -0.94)

Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity on Some Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Egypt

Wheat plant (Triticum aestivum, sakha-8) was grown in pot experiment to study the effect of salinity levels and salt composition of irrigation water with and without N fertilization on soil chemical properties and grain yield of wheat plant. Therefore surface soil samples of nonsaline silty clay loam soil was used. Tap water was salinized to be as natural irrigation water in the studied region using mixture of CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl at different ratios. Three salinity levels were prepared from different mixture to give nine type of irrigation water and tap water was used as control treatment. Soil salinity after plant harvesting increased with increasing water salinity up to 12.70 dS/m compared with it before planting (2.23 dS/m) or after harvesting using irrigation with good water (2-79dS/m).On the other side, soil reaction (pH) decreased from 8.17 to 7.65 with increasing water salinity. Values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) for soil solution also increased from 3.65 up to 11.24 and soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was correlated with soil SAR, where it increased from 4.24 to 11.91%. Soil content of available N and P almost decreased with increasing water salinity after plant harvesting. The results indicated that the grain yield was significantly decreased either with increasing salinity levels or Na concentration in irrigation water used. This effect was decreased with added-N, where grain yield was increased by about 2 to 3 fold compared with it without N fertilization under this conditions. Grain content of Na was increased to give less quality of grain yield. Plant uptake of Na decreased with increasing levels of added –N

Phosphorus Loss into Ground Water in Paddy Soils as Influenced by Irrigation System and Rate of Added-P

A field experiment was carried out in delta Nile region of Egypt, to elucidate the impact of irrigation system and graded phosphorus fertilizer rates on P loss into ground water in paddy soils (heavy clay soil). Three irrigation system were used: submergence with continuous head of water (about 8 cm), irrigation with saturation percent and discontinous irrigation where soil was irrigated every 7 days. The rate of applied P were 45 and 90 Kg P2O5/acre as super phosphate. Values of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in ground water increased under saturation and discontinuous irrigation compared to it under submergence condition (e.g.,0.25,0.18 and 0.14 mg P/L, respectively) under 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. and after 15 days of added-P. Accumulation values of DRP in ground water after 105 days at 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. of added-P were 1.18,0.76 and 0.67 mg P/L under saturation, discontinuous and submergence irrigation methods, respectively. The rate of loss for DRP in ground water was the highest under saturation method at 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. ( 0.01 mg P/L/day). Results also showed that, accumulated total phosphorus (TP) at the end of ground water collection (105 days after transplanting) when 90 Kg P2O5 /ac. was added were 2.78,2.18 and 1.69 mg P/L under discontinuous, saturation and submergence irrigation system, respectively. Also, the rate of loss for TP was the highest under discontinuous irrigation condition (0.025 mg P/L). These results indicated that, increasing added phosphorus fertilizer let to increasing P loss into ground water by leaching through the soil profile.In addition, phosphorus loss into ground water was increased with decreasing added water for irrigation in paddy soils (increasing drought regime) and that was not expected

Effect of different levels of NPK on wheat crop in North Delta

A balanced fertilization of NPK nutrients leads to increase soil fertility, anti soil nutrients depletion and also decrease nutrients losses to ground water and hence decrease its pollution. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two growing seasons on wheat in North Delta, Egypt. Different levels of nitrogen (0, 96, 192 and 288 kg N ha-1), phosphorus (0 and 53 kg P2O5 ha-1) and potassium (0 and 120 kg K2O ha-1) as well as 4 doses of N fertilizer were used. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of previous different levels of N, P and K fertilization and N fertilizer splitting on wheat yield and its components as well as uptake of N, P and K by wheat grain under different treatments. The results revealed that yield and its components were significantly affected by graded applied and splitting of N levels. The protein content in wheat grains was increased with increasing N levels up to 288 kg N ha-1 in presence of 53 kg P2O5 ha-1 as well as 120 kg K2O ha-1. The previous treatment recorded the highest values for protein content in wheat grains and total chlorophyll content

Fast and accurate algorithm for core point detection in fingerprint images

The core point is used to align between the fingerprints in the fingerprint authentication systems faster than the conventional techniques. To speed up the processing for the real time applications, it is more convenient to implement the image processing algorithms using embedded modules that can be used in the portable systems. To do this, the algorithm should be characterized by a simple design for easier and more feasible implementation on the embedded modules. The proposed work, in this paper, presents a mask that locates the core point simply from the ridge orientation map. The introduced algorithm detects the core point at the end of the discontinuous line appearing in the orientation map presented by a gray-scale. A property is presented and supported with a mathematical proof to verify that the singular regions are located at the end of this discontinuous line. The experimental results, on the public FVC2002 and FVC2004 databases, show that the proposed mask exhibits an average increase in the correct core point detection per fingerprint by 17.35%, with a reduction in the false detection by 51.23%, compared to a fast edge-map based method. Moreover, the execution time is reduced by an average factor of 1.8