Unsteady State Effectiveness Factor for Immobilized-Enzyme Reaction

The unsteady state concentration profiles of substrate in immobilized-enzyme particles were calculated numerically for the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The analytical solution of the profile was also derived when the reaction was approximated to be of the first-order. The integration of the profile gives an unsteady state effectiveness factor. The unsteady state effectiveness factor was obtained under various conditions. The critical time at which a pseudo-steady state approximately holds, was presented graphically as a function of the steady state effectiveness factor for various V₀( ＝Kₘ/Cᴀ₀) values. The charts indicate that the pseudo-steady state is achived within 10-20s under usual operating conditions

Global solutions of stochastic nonlinear Schr\"odinger system with quadratic interaction

The time-global existence of solutions to a system of stochastic Schr\"odinger equations with multiplicative noise and the quadratic nonlinear terms are discussed in this paper. The same system in the deterministic treatment was studied in [18] where the mass and energy are conserved. In our stochastic situation, those are not conserved and which causes several difficulties in the arguments of composing a-priori estimate.Comment: 28 pages, no figure

Power of Group Studying and Common Acquirement of Knowledge : Through Two Practical Lessons at Okayama University

教育改革は、初等・中等教育と大学教育の両者を見据えたものでなければならない。とりわけ、教育学部は新時代の初等・中等教育の担い手を養成するという社会的責務という観点からも、学生が自らの興味・関心を基に自発的・意欲的に各授業に取り組むよう、授業改善を進めることが特に要求される。その際、少人数授業の実現や卒業研究指導の充実といった従来からの方向性だけに頼ることなく、多人数の授業でいかにそれを達成するかもまた大学教育にとっては重要な現実的課題である。小論は、教職科目の総合演習と教科内容学の経済学Bの2つで、今年度に実施した授業実践報告であるが、学生の相互集団教育力を活用することで、自発的学習意欲を高めるとともに学習集団の知の共有化を図ることを目指した具体的な授業展開例は、初等・中等教育における総合的な学習の展開を考える上でも一定のヒントを与える内容となっている。We must make sure of the relation of two educational reformations : that in elementary and secondary education and that in university. Especially faculty of education should try to improve lessons in order to raise the students' ability to study independently, because they are expected to upon themselves new education at elementary schools and secondary schools. This paper shows two practical lessons at Okayama University. In these lessons, most students study independently by group studying, in which they can get common acquirement of knowledge

Informationized Society and Statistics Environment

Study of statistics environment has been mainly done by the statistics seminar in the faculty of economics of Kyushu University since 1978. Participants of this study consider this problem as the consciousness of the inhabitants which they call statistical mind. However I think this problem is more complicated than their analysis. I would like to propose to consider statistics environment from various view points; statistics organization, the law or system related to statistics, circumstances of using statistics, and so on. Such consideration may bring us the difficulty to lead the simple conclusion. But this problem cannot be solved by the simple analysis. If we leave this, in the long run we will get the serious social disadvantage

Intravital imaging of orthotopic and ectopic bone

Bone homeostasis is dynamically regulated by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Visualizing and evaluating the dynamics of bone cells in vivo remain difficult using conventional technologies, including histomorphometry and imaging analysis. Over the past two decades, multiphoton microscopy, which can penetrate thick specimens, has been utilized in the field of biological imaging. Using this innovative technique, the in vivo dynamic motion of bone metabolism-related cells and their interactions has been revealed. In this review, we summarize previous approaches used for bone imaging and provide an overview of current bone tissue imaging methods using multiphoton excitation microscopy.Hashimoto K., Kaito T., Kikuta J., et al. Intravital imaging of orthotopic and ectopic bone. Inflammation and Regeneration 40, 26 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-020-00135-6

Methods for Estimating Effective Diffusivity of Substrate and Kinetic Parameters of Immobilized Enzyme

Two methods were presented for estimating simultaneously the kinetic parameters in the Michaelis-Menten equation, Kₘ and Vₘₐₓ, and the intraparticle effective diffusivity of substrate, Dₑᴀ, from the results of the transient changes in a batch reactor. The methods were applied to the estimation of the Kₘ and Vₘₐₓ values of α-chymotrypsin immobilized into firebrick particles or acrylamide gel, and the Dₑᴀ values of substrate through the supports. The experimental data of conversions both in the batch and tubular reactors were found to be calculated successfully by using the kinetic and transport parameters estimated by the proposed methods

A New Disorder in UV-Induced Skin Cancer with Defective DNA Repair Distinct from Xeroderma Pigmentosum or Cockayne Syndrome

We report the characterization of a Japanese woman who exhibited many freckles and skin cancers in sun-exposed areas, but displayed no photosensitivity. Fibroblasts (KPSX7) derived from this patient showed similar UV sensitivity to that of normal human fibroblasts. The KPSX7 cells showed normal levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis, recovery of RNA synthesis, recovery of replicative DNA synthesis, protein-binding ability to UV-damaged DNA, and post-translational modification of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) C. These results indicate that the patient had neither XP nor Cockayne syndrome. Although these results suggest that the KPSX7 cells were proficient in nucleotide excision repair activity, host-cell reactivation (HCR) activity of KPSX7 cells was reduced. Furthermore, introduction of UV damage endonuclease into the cells restored repair activity in the HCR assay to almost normal levels. These results indicate that KPSX7 cells are defective for some types of repair activity in UV-damaged DNA. In summary, the patient had a previously unknown disorder related to UV-induced carcinogenesis, with defective DNA repair

Oral Treatment with Extract of Agaricus blazei Murill Enhanced Th1 Response through Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Suppressed OVA-Sensitized Allergy in Mice

To clarify the mechanism of the antiallergic activity of Agaricus blazei Murill extract (ABME), the present paper used an in vivo allergy model and an in vitro intestinal gut model. During OVA sensitization, the serum IgE levels decreased significantly in ABME group. Interleukin (IL)-4 and -5 produced from OVA-restimulated splenocytes was significantly decreased, and anti-CD3ε/CD28 antibody treatment also reduced IL-10, -4, and -5 production and increased IFN-γ production in ABME group. These results suggest that oral administration of ABME improves Th1/Th2 balance. Moreover, a coculture system constructed of Caco-2 cells and splenocytes from OT-II mice or RAW 264.7 cells indicated that the significant increases in IFN-γ production by ABME treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that the antiallergic activity of ABME was due to the activation of macrophages by epithelial cells and the promotion of the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells in the immune