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Covering a bounded set of functions by an increasing chain of slaloms
A slalom is a sequence of finite sets of length omega. Slaloms are ordered by
coordinatewise inclusion with finitely many exceptions. Improving earlier
results of Mildenberger, Shelah and Tsaban, we prove consistency results
concerning existence and non-existence of an increasing sequence of a certain
type of slaloms which covers a bounded set of functions in the Baire space
Topological Appearance of Event Horizon: What Is the Topology of the Event Horizon That We Can See?
The topology of the event horizon (TOEH) is usually believed to be a sphere.
Nevertheless, some numerical simulations of gravitational collapse with a
toroidal event horizon or the collision of event horizons are reported.
Considering the indifferentiability of the event horizon (EH), we see that such
non-trivial TOEHs are caused by the set of endpoints (the crease set) of the
EH. The two-dimensional (one-dimensional) crease set is related to the toroidal
EH (the coalescence of the EH). Furthermore, examining the stability of the
structure of the endpoints, it becomes clear that the spherical TOEH is
unstable under linear perturbation. On the other hand, a discussion based on
catastrophe theory reveals that the TOEH with handles is stable and generic.
Also, the relation between the TOEH and the hoop conjecture is discussed. It is
shown that the Kastor-Traschen solution is regarded as a good example of the
hoop conjecture by the discussion of its TOEH. We further conjecture that a
non-trivial TOEH can be smoothed out by rough observation in its mass scale.Comment: 53 pages, revtex, Published in Prog. Theo. Phys. vol.99, 13 figure
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