Study of Atomic Bomb Survivors - Postmortem Examination in The Nagasaki District over A 32-Year Period-

More than twelve thousand autopsies were performed in Nagasaki district after World War II. From those cases 9,331 were selected, since the patients were born before the time of atomic bomb (AB). They were examined for main histopathological changes, which were classified. Studies were made to elucidate the rise and fall in these changes and determine whether there was a difference in such changes between the group exposed to AB and that non-exposed to AB or not. Statistical examination was also performed in the present investigation to determine whether there were differences among calendar years, age groups, and combinations of age group and calendar year. A significant difference was shown independently in some groups. In the present investigation the autopsy cases dealt with in the whole Nagasaki district were used as controls. Therefore, the results obtained seem to be satisfactory data available for clarification of the actual state and trend in each period of the main lesions of cases of exposure to AB

Effects of the Atomic Bomb Explosion in Nagasaki : A Medical Perspective 1

A review of the medical effects of the Nagasaki atomic bomb explosion encountered between 1945 and 1990 was conducted. In the early stage, severe and various manifestations due to a combination of heat rays, blast and radiation were detected, but the accurate number of deaths among victims during this early period remains obscure. Keloid scars, cataract, leukemia, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer have been established as diseases related to the atomic bomb explosion. Recent epidemiologic investigations show that the incidence of other diseases such as gastric cancer and skin cancer are also relatively high among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki

Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors in Nagasaki 1

In 1945, an atomic bomb was exploded on Nagasaki. The Scientific Data Center for the Atomic Bomb Disaster was founded in Nagasaki University to analyse radiation effects on atomic bomb survivors. There were about 110,000 victims registered living in Nagasaki as of 1968. Since then, data of 2,000,000 items of health examination has been stored in the computer in the Scientific Data Center. The analysed results of the mortality, the survival and the risk estimation were presented

Effects of Low Dose Radiation on Mammals 1

Radiation has been applied widely to clinics, researches and industries nowadays. Irradiation by atomic bomb produced many victims in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Radiation effects on animals and human belings have been reported extensively, especially at a dose range of high amount of radiation. As radiation effects at low dose have not been well studied, it is believed that even a small amount of radiation produces hazardous effects. However, it might not be true. Beneficial effects of a low dose of radiation are summarized here

Microscopic Raman study of graphene on 4H-SiC two-dimensionally enhanced by surface roughness and gold nanoparticles

We present microscopic Raman spectroscopy measurements on single-layer graphene epitaxially grown on 4H-SiC by a thermal decomposition method. We collected spectral data with spatial resolution, which allowed us to obtain two-dimensionally enhanced Raman mapping images. Shallow holes in SiC, which had areas of 5 to 20 µm and depths of 100 nm, enhanced the Raman intensity of the 2D band of graphene. A monolayer of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) aggregates was successfully prepared by dropping and drying a colloidal suspension of AuNPs. The AuNP exhibited 30-fold enhanced the Raman spectra in the wavenumber range of 1550–1700 cm−1. Locally enhanced Raman intensity was also demonstrated using a glass microbead

An Epidemiological Study of Senile Dementia at Home in Nagasaki

This paper reports the results of an epidemiological study of senile dementia with elderly people over 65 years old residing in Nagasaki City and rural districts of Nagasaki Prefecture and compares them to those of studies conducted in Japan. The prevalence rate of senile dementia at home in Nagasaki City is 2.88%, which is lower than that in the other areas. The prevalence rate of the rural districts in Nagasaki Prefecture is 4.3% and is close to the national average (4.38%). Looking at diagnostic classification of dementia, the ratio of multi-infarct dementia to the Alzheimer type is 0.93 in Nagasaki City and 0.61 in rural districts. They are lower than those in the other studies

The Ligamentum Flavum in Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis

A series of 73 patients who had been surgically operated for lumbar diseases at Dept. of Orth. Surg. in Nagasaki Mitsubishi Hospital (mostly degenerative spinal stenosis, combined lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc disease) has been reviewed to present clinical surgical and histological findings. It may be concluded that in spinal canal stenosis, the ligament flavum is shortened and projected into the spinal canal as the results of ossific change, the narrowing of intervertebral disc spaces, and the subluxation and the convolution of the post joint, thus the ligament gives physical and morphological aggravating changes. In addition to these, the ligament flavum itself shows qualitative changes such as degeneration, hypertrophy and fibrosis ; and the dynamic factors such as spinal extension and a standing posture may also secondarily affect the ligament flavum

Detection of Senile Plaque and Neurofibrillary Tangle using Bielschowsky-Hirano\u27s Silver Method

Conventional light microscopic morphometrical investigations were performed on senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in eighteen senile brains. Specimens from the hippocampal region were investigated statistically whether or not there is any difference in detection of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles among the conventional staining methods, that is, Hematoxylin-Eosin stain, Congo red stain, Periodic acid Schiff reaction, Bodian stain and Bielschowsky- Hirano\u27s silver stain. It was clarified that, even in the laboratory without specific antibody to senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle, Bielschowsky-Hirano\u27s stain is the most useful and convenient staining method for detection of these ageing-related changes

Multiple Myeloma of Atomic Bomb Survivors -Autopsy Cases in the Nagasaki District (1946-1980)-

The present investigation was carried out with particular stress placed on the relationship between the autopsy cases of multiple myeolma in the Nagasaki district and exposure to the Atomic Bomb. A total of 10372 autopsy cases, all patients who had been born before the time of the Atomic Bomb explosion, were examined. Only 58 autopsy cases (0.6%) of multiple myeloma were detected up to 1980. There was no autopsy case of multiple myeloma which had been exposed within 1 km from the hypocenter. The patients who were within 1-2 km and over 2 km from the hypocenter at the time of the Atomic Bomb explosion were composed of 5 cases (0.6%) and 16 cases(0.5%), respectively. The group of non-exposed persons was composed of 36 cases(0.6%). In the patients who were within 1-2 km at the time of the Atomic Bomb explosion, the first 20 years (1945-1965), there was no autopsy case of multiple myeloma, although during the subsequent 15 years (1966-1980) there were 5 autopsy cases (1.2%). In control group, however, multiple myeloma during the first 20 years was 13 cases (0.5%), and it was 24 cases (0.6%) in the subsequent 15 years. It is possible that the frequency of multiple myeloma in exposed persons has increased in recent years. However, the proportions of myeloma among all autopsy cases during the 1946-1965 period and the 1966-1980 period showed no significant differences with other groups

Quantitative Study of Neurons with Intracytoplasmic Pigments in Dorsal Root Ganglia Atomic Bomb and Aging

Three females in their fifties and five males in their seventies, all of whom had been exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb explosion in 1945, were investigated concerning the aging of neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. Through this study dealing with the frequency of neurons with intracytoplasmic pigments, lipofuscin, neuromelanin, eosinophilic granules and neurons free of pigment, no significant difference in four kinds of neurons between the exposed persons and the nonexposed persons was detected in 50-59 year-old females. Contrariwise in the 70-79 year-old males, the frequency, as average but not as individual persons, was significantly higher in lipofuscin, lower in neuromelanin, and unchanged in eosinophilic granules and no pigment