Some Factors Concerning the Distribution of Bronchial Glands

It is well known that the secretion from bronchial glands play an important role to make the airway clean up against sticky bronchial secret. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the functional modality of bronchial glands and occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complication due to difficulty of expectoration. However, the noteworthy development of bronchial glands was proved histologically with a distribution index (DI) in each circumstances of either the elderly more than 40 of age or existing inflammation of bronchial trees. Based on histochemical examination by means of PAS stain, the almost same attitudes in regard to magnitude of secretion were not necessarily documented even among bronchial glands with marked development. It was of note that the intimate correlation between secretory behavior of bronchial glands and development of bronchial glands was not certified in the series of this study and that secretory function of bronchial glands did not compatible with pronounced distribution and marked development of them. As a result of this study, the preventive role of bronchial glands from occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complication has not been substantiated by morphological and biochemical study

From University to Work III Part 2 : How Students seek for ""Good Jobs"" in Non-Selective 4-Year-Colleges

This is the second report using the same survey data for non-selective college students in business major. In this report, we analyze the process of students\u27job seeking activities. We find that the timing and kinds of job seeking activities among those students are more diverse and less standardized than those from selective colleges. This less standardized feature of activities makes the process of job search for those non-selective college students more vague and more difficult. As a result, we also find that there are students, who stop or never start job seeking

Clinical Evaluation of Immune Response in Patients with Lung Cancer

In patients with lung cancer, the immune response was observed with an analysis of various factors which mostly related to its prognosis. Its response was extremly depressed in the course of following surgery in advanced cases of stage III and IVas well as in unresectable cases for lung cancer, compared with those of stage I and II . Furthermore, it showed that the high levels of immune response were seen in those of long term survivors given OK-432 during follow-up period. It was obvious from this study that the use of OK-432 was suitable for activation of the immune reaction against host as one of the immunopotentiators. Meanwhile, from the immunological mechanism of view, the hyperactivity of immune response enable the patient to be free from recurrence of cancer for a long term following surgery, in contrast the low level of the immune response showed to be poor prognosis owing to early appearance of recurrence. Furthermore, the effectiveness in use of OK-432 was clinically presented in patients with malignant pleural effusion, which showed direct cytocidal action of OK-432 given intrapleurally with a 10 or 14 days interval

Experimental Evaluation of Tumor Growth Rate Related to Age

The differences of the growth rate of MH 134 tumor inoculated in younger or older mice were experimentally investigated in this study. The age-related tumor growth rate were evaluated as the changes of a tumor size to food pad ratio respectively. In this study, a 6 weeks-old, a 9 weeks-old and a 20 weeks-old C3H/He mice were correctly selected and prepared according to age. From the aspect of age factor in tumorbearing host, MH 134 tumor growth rate as well as survival rate after inoculation of 2.5 x 104, 2.5 x 105 and 2.5 x 106 tumor cells were simulatenously investigated in each age groups. Interestingly enough, a depressed tumor growth rate was noted in older mice in comparison with those in younger mice, whereas survival rates showed almost the same between in younger and older mice groups. While as many as 2.5 x 106 of MH 134 tumor cells were inoculated, the differences in tumor growth rate between younger and older mice were apparently pronounced. The rapid tumor growth in young mice, furthermore, were definitely denoted. Meanwhile, the improvement of survival rate in older mice had not become manifest regardless of slow growth, as compared in the two age group. Age affected some aspect of inhibitory tumor growth, whereas this assumption was not consistent with prolongation of survival time. This results reported here ensured the differences of tumor growth rate in tumorbearing host concerning age. Needless to say, the reliability of tumor resection as a treatment against cancer has been substantiated even for the elderly patients in order to enable survival rate significantly improve

Career Choice among General High School Students in Urban Cities : A Survey of Students with No Jobs No Colleges

Recent national statistics show that about 10% of new high school graduates don\u27t have any jobs or college education after high school; they are called MUGYOSHA in Japanese. Especially in urban areas, students from lower ranked general high schools tend to be those MUGYOSHA. Many of those students don\u27t commit themselves to any activities to seek for jobs or college education after graduation. Why are they inactive in exploring their future careers? How do they perceive their own "aptitude and ability"? How is their career consciousness structured? What experiences they have in and out of school influence their career perspectives? Based on questionnaire survey of 1098 high school students in 11 general high schools in the Tokyo Metropolitan area, we pursue those questions. We obtain the following findings. 1. Students career consciousness is structured with 6 elements, and the main three elements are present-orientation, understanding own aptitude, and commitment to meritocratic values. 2. School\u27s career guidance activities have little impact on those elements of career consciousness, although students outside school life have much influence on them. 3. Students\u27family background influences formation of career consciousness, and final careers, by restricting students\u27chances to enter colleges. 4. After controlling such other variables as gender, grades, economic family background, and high school rank, those three main elements of career consciousness have independent effects on students\u27chance to be MUGYOSHA. According to those findings, we discuss that with limited resources to socialize students into jobs, lower ranked general high schools face difficulties to help students find their own future career, under strong values of self-decision and self-responsibility of new-liberal education reforms

An Experimental Evaluation of Tracheal Blood Flow with Special Referrence to Operative Procedure of Tracheal Mobilization

Based on the study with special referrence to blood flow in the trachea, the factors influential on the operative procedure of tracheal mobilization were carefully evaluated to ensure optimal surgical results. It has already been assumed with an aid of microangiographic technique that the main trancheal blood flow comprise two routes, namely, adventitial and submucosal layers. The amount of blood flow in the trachea divided into individual two layers were measured by hydrogen clearance test with wire electrodes placed in either adventitial or submucosal layer. When employed the procedure of extensive mobilization of the trachea, the level of tracheal blood flow reduced in adventitial layer rather lthan in submucosal layer. Blood flow in submucosal layer, however, remain closely near the normal level, which is thought to compensate a decreased blood supply in the tracheal adventitia. Meanwhile, when proposed an excessive tension of more than 800g at the site of anastomosis, a decrease in submucosal blood flow has become manifest despite of a slight decrease in adventitial blood flow simultaneously. Greater emphasis has been focused upo