Poly[bis(phenethyl­ammonium) [di­bromido­plumbate(II)]-di-μ-bromido]]

Crystals of the title compound, {(C6H5C2H4NH3)2[PbBr4]}n, were grown at room temperature from a solution in N,N-dimethyl­formamide (DMF) using nitro­methane as the poor solvent. This perovskite-type organic–inorganic hybrid compound consists of well ordered sheets of corner-sharing disordered PbBr6 octa­hedra separated by bilayers of phenethyl­ammonium cations. The octa­hedra are rotated and tilted due to N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds with the ammonium groups, generating a superstructure in the unit cell similar to that of the tetra­chloridoplumbate (C6H5C2H4NH3)2[PbCl4]

Positive hysteresis of Ce-doped GAGG scintillator

Pr 3+ Scintillator a b s t r a c t Positive hysteresis and radiation tolerance to high-dose radiation exposure were investigated for Ce 1% and 3% doped Gd 3 (Al, Ga) 5 O 12 (Ce:GAGG) crystal scintillator on comparison with other garnet scintillators such Ce:YAG, Ce:LuAG, Pr:LuAG, and ceramic Ce:GAGG. When they were irradiated by several Gy 60 Co c-rays, Ce 1% doped GAGG crystal exhibited $20% light yield enhancement (positive hysteresis). This is the first time to observe positive hysteresis in Ce doped GAGG. On the other hand, other garnet materials did not show the positive hysteresis and their light yields were stable after 800 Gy irradiation except Pr:LuAG. The light yield of Pr:LuAG decreased largely. When irradiated Ce:GAGG which showed positive hysteresis was evaluated in Synchrotron facility (UVSOR), new excitation band was created around 60 nm

Scintillation property of rare earth-free SnO-doped oxide glass

The authors have demonstrated scintillation of rare earth (RE)-free Sn-doped oxide glass by excitation of ionizing radiation. It is notable that light emission is attained for RE-free transparent glass due to s[2]-sp transition of Sn[2+] centre and the emission correlates with the excitation band at 20 eV. We have also demonstrated that excitation band of emission centre can be tuned by the chemical composition of the host glass. The present result is valuable not only for design of RE-free inorganic amorphous oxide scintillator but also for revealing the band structure of oxide glass by irradiation of ionizing radiation

Low-Dimensional Semiconducting Scintillators

In recent times, many researchers have been developing devices that exceed the conventional capabilities by constructing a low-dimensional structure and exploiting its unique and advantageous properties. These are entirely different from those of the conventional materials due to quantum confinement effects, and their applications are called "nanotechnology". This chapter shows that a demonstration of the "nanotechnology" in the development of scintillators, a kind of ionizing radiation sensor, that can simultaneously achieve both a quick response and a large signal output, which has been difficult by using conventional bulk materials.\nThe second section explains the physics of semiconducting scintillators including the thermal quenching (TQ) that prevents the operation at room temperature (RT). In the third section, a quantum confinement system (QCS) is introduced to solve this problem, and the physical effects are described. In the fourth section, low-dimensional (LD) semiconducting scintillators are demonstrated to show the possibilities of developing them with very short decay time constants and practical emission efficiency at RT. The fifth section contains the summary with a guide for the development of new LD semiconducting systems that will be an important field in the development of inorganic scintillators in the following decade

Subnanosecond time-resolved x-ray measurements using an organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator

We have developed a fast x-ray detector using an organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator of phenethylamine lead bromide (PhE-PbBr4). The scintillator had a dominant light emission with a fast decay time of 9.9 ns. An x-ray detector equipped with a 0.9-mm-thick PhE-PbBr4 crystal was used to detect nuclear resonant scattering in 61Ni (the first excited level: 67.41 keV; lifetime: 7.6 ns) by using synchrotron radiation. With this detector, we could successfully record the decaying gamma rays emitted from 61Ni with a time resolution of 0.7 ns (full width at half maximum) and a relatively high detection efficiency of 24%

Measurements of 73-keV X-ray time spectrum with avalanche-photodiode scintillation detector using Bi2O3-nanoparticle-doped plastic scintillator

Time spectra of 73-keV X-rays were successfully observed with a scintillation detector using a Bi2O3-nanoparticle-doped plastic scintillator (PLS) and silicon avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). A 5 wt% Bi2O3-nanoparticle-doped PLS was fabricated and cut out to be mm and 0.9 mm thick, and it was mounted on a Si-APD operating in proportional mode. An organic scintillator of [2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-phenylphenyl)]-1,3,4-oxadiazole was used for the PLS by 1.68 mol% of polystyrene solvent. When the PLS and Si-APD were cooled to 30° C, a good time resolution of 0.35 ns (full width at half maximum) was obtained for 73.04-keV X-rays when measuring a time structure of the multibunch mode in synchrotron ring operation. The Si-APD scintillation detector mounting a Bi2O3-nanoparticle-doped PLS can be applied well to research fields that need both a high detection efficiency and a subnanosecond time resolution with a photon energy of more than 70 keV, such as synchrotron radiation nuclear resonant scattering on 193Ir