Changes in the anterior segment after cycloplegia with a biometer using swept-source optical coherence tomography

<div><p>The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the anterior segment of the eye after cycloplegia. A biometer combined with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) was used for measurements. Patients with strabismus or amblyopia who underwent cycloplegia were included. The axial length, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness were measured with the biometer–SSOCT system before and after cycloplegia. Altogether, 10 eyes of 10 patients (mean age 7.20 ± 3.08 years, range 4–14 years) were evaluated. The mean measurements before cycloplegia were 22.75 ± 0.96 mm axial length, 516 ± 33 μm central corneal thickness, 3.40 ± 0.21 mm anterior chamber depth, and 3.77 ± 0.26 mm lens thickness. The corresponding values after cycloplegia were 22.75 ± 0.95 mm, 519 ± 34 μm, 3.68 ± 0.16 mm, and 3.42 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The mean lens thickness had significantly decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.001) after cycloplegia, and the mean anterior chamber depth had significantly increased (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The means of the axial length (<i>P</i> = 0.66) and central corneal thickness (<i>P</i> = 0.17) had not changed significantly. The change in lens thickness was significantly correlated with the change in anterior chamber depth (<i>r</i> = −0.73, <i>P</i> = 0.02). The new biometer–SSOCT combination proved useful for accurately detecting changes in the anterior segment of the eye after cycloplegia in pediatric patients. The biometer’s measurements indicated increased anterior chamber depth and decreased lens thickness after cycloplegia. The anterior chamber depth increased relative to the decrease in lens thickness.</p></div

The optic disc findings in Case 7.

<p><b>A, B</b> The optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiogram around the disc in the right eye (<b>A</b>) and the left eye (<b>B</b>). <b>C, D</b> The binarized images of the OCT angiograms around the disc of the right eye (<b>C</b>) and of the left eye (<b>D</b>). Decreased retinal perfusion is present in the right eye with optic neuritis. Notably, the retinal perfusion around arcade vessels (arrowheads) in the right eye decreased compared with that of the fellow eye. <b>E, F</b> Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness maps in the right eye (<b>E</b>) and the left eye (<b>F</b>). RNFL loss is present in the right eye.</p

Optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with good visual acuity recovery after treatment for optic neuritis

<div><p>Objective</p><p>To evaluate the retinal perfusion using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in eyes with good visual acuity recovery after treatment for optic neuritis (ON).</p><p>Methods</p><p>Seven eyes of seven patients with good visual acuity recovery after treatment for monocular ON and seven eyes of each fellow eye used as controls were studied. Retinal perfusion around the disc and at the macula was evaluated using OCT angiography. The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured around the disc. The ganglion cell layer complex thickness or the ganglion cell layer plus the inner plexiform layer thickness were measured at the macula.</p><p>Results</p><p>The retinal perfusions in all eyes with ON decreased around the disc and at the macula compared with those of the fellow eyes, as shown by OCT angiography (disc, <i>P</i> = 0.003; macula, <i>P</i> = 0.001). The retinal thicknesses in all eyes with ON also decreased around the disc and at the macula compared with those of the fellow eyes (disc, <i>P</i> < 0.001; macula, <i>P</i> = 0.003).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Optic neuritis may cause not only retinal structural damage but also decreased retinal perfusion, even after the visual acuity recovered well after treatment.</p></div

Percentages of vessel densities around the disc and at the macula in cases 1–7.

<p>Percentages of vessel densities around the disc and at the macula in cases 1–7.</p

Correlation between changes in the lens thickness and those in the anterior chamber depth.

<p>The change in lens thickness was significantly correlated with the change in the anterior chamber depth (<i>r</i> = −0.73, <i>P</i> = 0.02).</p

The visual acuity and critical flicker frequency after treatment in cases 1–7.

<p>The visual acuity and critical flicker frequency after treatment in cases 1–7.</p

The macular findings of Case 7.

<p><b>A, B</b> The optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiogram of the macula in the right eye (<b>A</b>) and the left eye (<b>B</b>). <b>C, D</b> The binarized images of the OCT angiograms of the macula of the right eye (<b>C</b>) and the left eye (<b>D</b>). Decreased retinal perfusion is present in the right eye with ON. <b>E, F</b> The ganglion cell layer + the inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) thickness map from the right eye (<b>E</b>) and the left eye (<b>F</b>). GCL+IPL loss is present in the right eye.</p

Retinal thicknesses (μm) around the disc and at the macula in cases 1–7.

<p>Retinal thicknesses (μm) around the disc and at the macula in cases 1–7.</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>Patient characteristics.</p

Anterior segment and refraction of each patient before and after cycloplegia.

<p>Anterior segment and refraction of each patient before and after cycloplegia.</p