9 research outputs found
Polychlorinated biphenyl (118) activates osteoclasts and induces bone resorption in goldfish
To analyze the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 on fish bone metabolism, we examined osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, as well as plasma calcium levels, in the scales of PCB (118)-injected goldfish. In addition, effect of PCB (118) on osteoclasts and osteoblasts was investigated in vitro. Immature goldfish, in which the endogenous effects of sex steroids are negligible, were used. PCB (118) was solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 10 ppm. At 1 and 2 days after PCB (118) injection (100 ng/g body weight), both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities, and plasma calcium levels were measured. In an in vitro study, then, both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activities as well as each marker mRNA expression were examined. At 2 days, scale osteoclastic activity in PCB (118)-injected goldfish increased significantly, while osteoblastic activity did not change significantly. Corresponding to osteoclastic activity, plasma calcium levels increased significantly at 2 days after PCB (118) administration. Osteoclastic activation also occurred in the marker enzyme activities and mRNA expressions in vitro. Thus, we conclude that PCB (118) disrupts bone metabolism in goldfish both in vivo and in vitro experiments. © 2012 The Author(s)
Absolute Configuration of Atropisomeric Polychlorinated Biphenyl 183 Enantiomerically Enriched in Human Samples
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are still of serious
concern as
a potential health hazard due to their persistency and bioacumulation.
Of 209 possible PCB congeners, with varying number and position of
chlorine atom(s), 19 are chiral. These are mostly highly chlorinated
and tend to remain longer against the biological decompositions, suffering
biological deracemization in the environment. In this work, we have
unequivocally determined the absolute configurations of important
chiral PCBs 183 and 171, as well as 132, through the combined theoretical
and experimental investigations of the chiroptical properties (circular
dichroism and optical rotation), which will be valuable in elucidating
the mechanism of biological enantiomer enrichment of PCBs in the environment