Distribution of patients for each CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score.

<p>(A) Patients without oral anticoagulant (OAC). (B) Patients with OAC. SD: standard deviation.</p

Left atrial ablation procedures in patients presenting with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation

Ablation points were marked as ‘three-dimensional Lesion on EnGuide’ (red-coloured lesion points), which documents the true three-dimensional localization of the catheter tip (no projection on computed tomography surface and no ‘Lesion at Mouse’). The true position of the catheter tip on the computed tomography surface can be appreciated for all ablation target areas, underlining the registration accuracy. Pink-coloured lesion points represent ablation in areas with oesophageal vicinity (energy reduction to 30 W and shorter ablation duration). () Example of a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circumferential left atrial lesions were deployed around the funnels of the left- and right-sided pulmonary veins. As an anatomical variation, this patient presented with a common funnel of the left-sided pulmonary veins. () Example of a patient with persistent atrial fibrillation. After circumferential left atrial ablation, additional linear ablation lines were placed in the left atrium for further substrate modification (left atrium roof, left atrium isthmus, and posterior basal left atrium). The resulting ‘box-lesion’ at the posterior left atrium was completely isolated using voltage and pace mapping criteria.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Computed tomography model-based treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial macro-re-entrant tachycardia"</p><p></p><p>Europace 2008;10(8):939-948.</p><p>Published online 23 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2488147.</p><p>Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: [email protected]</p

Comparison of baseline characteristics and co-morbidities between patients with and without OAC at baseline.

<p>Categorial data are presented as number (%). Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. OAC: oral anticoagulants, BMI: body mass index, SE: systemic embolism, TIA: transient ischemic attack, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p><p>Comparison of baseline characteristics and co-morbidities between patients with and without OAC at baseline.</p

Cumulative events and incidence of events during follow-up in patients without OAC at baseline (N = 1,541).

<p>OAC: oral anticoagulant, SE: systemic embolism.</p><p>Cumulative events and incidence of events during follow-up in patients without OAC at baseline (N = 1,541).</p

Predictors for the incidence of death/stroke/SE in patients without OAC; Univariate and multivariate analysis.

<p>SE: systemic embolism, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, BMI: body mass index, TIA: transient ischemic attack, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p><p>Predictors for the incidence of death/stroke/SE in patients without OAC; Univariate and multivariate analysis.</p