Methyl­(phenyl)­bis­(quinoline-2-carbox­ylato-κ2 N,O)tin(IV) monohydrate

The SnIV atom in each of the two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn(CH3)(C6H5)(C10H6NO2)2]·H2O, is N,O-chelated by two quinoline-2-carboxyl­ate ions; the dative Sn—N bonds are significantly longer than the covalent Sn—O bonds. The two O and two N atoms comprise a trapezoid, and the diorganotin skeleton is bent over the longer N—N edge [C—Sn—C = 144.2 (1) and 144.5 (1)° in the two independent mol­ecules]. The uncoordinated water mol­ecules serve to connect the skew-trapezoidal bipyramidal tin-bearing mol­ecules, generating a linear chain motif running along the ac diagonal. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin having a minor component of 33.2 (1)%

10-Hy­droxy­benzo[h]quinolinium tetra­chlorido(2-methyl­quinolin-8-olato-κ2 N,O)stannate(IV) methanol disolvate

In the disolvated title salt, (C13H10NO)[SnCl4(C10H8NO)]·2CH3OH, the SnIV atom is chelated by the N,O-bidentate 2-methyl­quinolin-8-olate ion and is further coordinated by four chloride ions, showing a distorted octa­hedral SnNOCl4 geometry. In the crystal, the cation and anion are linked to the methanol mol­ecules by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

2-(Methoxy­carbon­yl)quinolinium tetra­chlorido(quinoline-2-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N,O)stannate(IV) methanol solvate

In the title salt, (C11H10NO2)[SnCl4(C10H6NO2)]·CH3OH, the Sn atom is chelated by the quinolincarboxyl­ate unit and it exists in a distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry. The cation is linked to the solvent mol­ecule by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond; the solvent mol­ecule is linked to the anion by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond

8-Hy­droxy-2-methyl­quinolinium tetra­chlorido(pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N 1,O 2)stannate(IV) methanol monosolvate

In the title solvated salt, (C10H10NO)[SnCl4(C5H3N2O2)]·CH3OH, the SnIV atom is chelated by the N,O-bidentate pyrazine-2-carboxyl­ate ligand and four chloride ions, and shows a distorted octa­hedral SnNOCl4 coordination at the metal atom. The 8-hy­droxy-2-methyl­quinolinium cation and the anion are linked to the methanol mol­ecules by O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a linear chain running along [10]. There are two independent ion pairs and solvent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a 41.8 (1)% twin component

8-Hydr­oxy-2-methyl­quinolinium tetra­chlorido(quinolin-8-olato-κ2 N,O)stannate(IV) acetonitrile monosolvate

In the title solvated salt, (C10H10NO)[SnCl4(C9H6NO)]·CH3CN, the SnIV atom is chelated by the N,O-bidentate 8-hydroxy­quinolinate ligand and four chloride ions, generating a distorted SnONCl4 octa­hedral coordination geometry for the metal. In the crystal, the cations are linked to the anions and the solvent mol­ecules by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, respectively

Diaquadichloridomethylphenyltin(IV)–1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane (1/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title cocrystal, [Sn(CH3)(C6H5)Cl2(H2O)2]·C10H20O5, contains two independent formula units. The organotin molecules exhibit a six-coordinate metal atom and are linked to the crown ether molecules by water–crown ether O—H...O hydrogen bonds into a linear chain running along [101]. Each coordinated water molecule forms a pair of hydrogen bonds to the same crown ether; for the crown ether molecules, only four of the five O atoms are engaged in hydrogen-bonding interactions. The metal ions show a distorted trans-C2SnCl2O2 octahedral coordination geometry [C—Sn—C = 175.3 (1) and 178.9 (1)°]

Prevalence, causes, and complications of cesarean delivery in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Uncontrolled increase of C-section is one of the major problems in Iranian health system, such that C-section is the most common surgical procedure in the entire country’s hospitals in Obstetrics and Gynecology sections. A variety of complications also come along with cesarean. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and complications of cesarean in Iran. Materials and Methods: forty-one articles were considered with respect to certain criteria and were included in a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis study. The systematic review’s search was conducted on SID, Iranmedx, Magiran, Medlib, PubMed, and Science Direct databases published between1999-2016. The weight of each included study was calculated according to its sample size and the reported prevalence of binomial distribution. A random-effects model using R and STATA (Version 11.2) software was utilized for analyzing data Results: The total number of the sample was 197514 pregnant women with a mean age of 26.72 yr. The prevalence of cesarean in Iran was estimated at 48%. The main reasons for the prevalence of cesarean in this study were mothers’ higher education, previous cesarean, and doctor recommendation. The most frequent complication in women undergoing cesarean was the muscular pain, and the most common fetal complications in newborns by caesarean delivery was transient tachypnea. Conclusion: The prevalence of C-section in Iran is much higher than what WHO recommends. It is essential, to decrease such a phenomenon, making the mothers aware of the risks of cesarean delivery, and establishing counselling sessions as well to eliminate the mothers’ fear of vaginal delivery