Application of Operations Research in Health System of Iran

In this paper first a brief literature survey on applications of operations research in health care systems is presented. Then two problems the optimal allocation of ambulances and the scheduling of nursing personnel are discussed in details. Finally these two models will be applied on two real cases in iranian health care system

Effect of Bioactive Glass air Abrasion on Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Resins to Decalcified Enamel.

Bioactive glass air abrasion is a conservative technique to remove initial decalcified tissue and caries. This study examined the shear bond strength of composite resin to sound and decalcified enamel air-abraded by bioactive glass (BAG) or alumina using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.Forty-eight permanent molars were root-amputated and sectioned mesiodistally. The obtained 96 specimens were mounted in acrylic resin; the buccal and lingual surfaces remained exposed. A demineralizing solution was used to decalcify half the specimens. Both sound and decalcified specimens were divided into two groups of alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion. In each group, the specimens were subdivided into two subgroups of Clearfil SE Bond or OptiBond FL adhesives (n=12). Composite resin cylinders were bonded on enamel surfaces cured and underwent thermocycling. The specimens were tested for shear bond strength. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and three-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Similar to the experimental groups, the enamel surface of one specimen underwent SEM evaluation.No significant differences were observed in composite resin bond strength subsequent to alumina or bioactive glass air abrasion preparation techniques (P=0.987). There were no statistically significant differences between the bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive groups (P=1). Also, decalcified or intact enamel groups had no significant difference (P=0.918). However, SEM analysis showed much less enamel irregularities with BAG air abrasion compared to alumina air abrasion.Under the limitations of this study, preparation of both intact and decalcified enamel surfaces with bioactive glass air abrasion results in similar bond strength of composite resin in comparison with alumina air abrasion using etch-&-rinse or self-etch adhesives

Strength and Weakness of Crisis Management in Hormozgan Medical University’s Hospitals

Background & Objective: Various communities continuously try to manage the unexpected events. In this regard, hospitals with providing timely health care services has transformed to the most pragmatic unit of health system. Planning and preparation of them should be strategic policy of health system. This paper aimed to investigate the strength and weakness of crisis management in training hospitals of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This is descriptive-analytic research. Research statistical population includes managers, nursing directors, financial directors and masters of crises committee of hospitals, totally 34 persons. Data collected with questionnaire in 8 domains and demographic information. Questionnaire was validated and reliabled. Collected data entered to SPSS and analyzed by descriptive & inferential statistics. Results: Preparedness Rate of Hospitals encounters Unexpected Events was average (50%). Preparedness rate in managerial policies (44.1%), structural and non-structural stability (41.2%) and register & informed (47%) domains were in average level. In this regard HEICS (32.3%), maneuvers (55.9%) and use of relative technologies were in very low grade. Between preparedness rate with crises committee function, training and maneuvers there were meaningful relations (P<0.05). Conclusion: Suitable crises management will be feasible by documented planning, preparing intra and extra organizational relations, reinforcing human resources with organizing, delivering of training and durational maneuvers to them. Keywords: Strength, Weakness, Crisis, Crisis Management Type of Article: Original Articl

A simple method for reconstruction of severely damaged primary anterior teeth

Restoration of severely decayed primary anterior teeth is often considered as a special challenge by pedodontists. This case report presents a 5-year-old boy with severely damaged maxillary right canine. Subsequent to root canal treatment, a reversed (upside-down) metal post was put into the canal and composite build-up was performed. This new method offers a simple, practical and effective procedure for reconstruction of severely decayed primary anterior teeth, which re-establishes function and esthetics for time the tooth should be present and functional in the child's mouth

Complications after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia in Isfahan during February to May 2016

Background: Children undergoing dental rehabilitations by general anesthesia (GA) commonly experience postoperative symptoms such as pain, fever, sore throat, and sleepiness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific complications of pediatric dental GA procedure. Materials and methods: In this observational study sample included 72 children attending GA for dental treatment at the School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Children with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and without any communication or mental health problems were included. GA protocol was standardized. A number of complications were recorded by parents via filling a questionnaire for 2 days postoperatively. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software by Wilcoxon and Chi-squared test. P < 0.05 considered as significant level. Results: The most postoperative nonpsychological complications were dental pain (59.7 and 47.2% on days 1 and 2, respectively), followed by inability to eat normal (55.6 and 41.7% on days 1 and 2, respectively). All the patients' nonpsychological complaints had significantly decreased from day one to day two (P < 0.05). The most postoperative psychological complications were Attachments to parents (70.8 and 65.2% on days 1 and 2, respectively) followed by excessive crying (56.9 and 45.8% on days 1 and 2, respectively). All psychological complaints reduced by day two nonsignificantly except excessive crying which decreased significantly after 48 h (P = 0.004). Conclusion: The most postoperative complications after dental rehabilitation under GA were attachments to parents, dental pain, and inability to eat normal and excessive crying, respectively. Keywords: Dental care; dentistry; general anesthesia; pediatric dentistry

Exploring the potentials of halophilic prokaryotes from a solar saltern for synthesizing nanoparticles: The case of silver and selenium.

Halophiles are the organisms that thrive in extreme high salt environments. Despite the extensive studies on their biotechnological potentials, the ability of halophilic prokaryotes for the synthesis of nanoparticles has remained understudied. In this study, the archaeal and bacterial halophiles from a solar saltern were investigated for the intracellular/extracellular synthesis of silver and selenium nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were produced by the archaeal Haloferax sp. (AgNP-A, intracellular) and the bacterial Halomonas sp. (AgNP-B, extracellular), while the intracellular selenium nanoparticles were produced by the archaeal Halogeometricum sp. (SeNP-A) and the bacterial Bacillus sp. (SeNP-B). The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, DLS, ICP-OES, Zeta potentials, FTIR, EDX, SEM, and TEM. The average particle size of AgNP-A and AgNP-B was 26.34 nm and 22 nm based on TEM analysis. Also, the characteristic Bragg peaks of face-centered cubic with crystallite domain sizes of 13.01 nm and 6.13 nm were observed in XRD analysis, respectively. Crystallographic characterization of SeNP-A and SeNP-B strains showed a hexagonal crystallite structure with domain sizes of 30.63 nm and 29.48 nm and average sizes of 111.6 nm and 141.6 nm according to TEM analysis, respectively. The polydispersity index of AgNP-A, AgNP-B, SeNP-A, and SeNP-B was determined as 0.26, 0.28, 0.27, and 0.36 and revealed high uniformity of the nanoparticles. All of the synthesized nanoparticles were stable and their zeta potentials were calculated as (mV): -33.12, -35.9, -31.2, and -29.34 for AgNP-A, AgNP-B, SeNP-A, and SeNP-B, respectively. The nanoparticles showed the antibacterial activity against various bacterial pathogens. The results of this study suggested that the (extremely) halophilic prokaryotes have great potentials for the green synthesis of nanoparticles

Evaluation of efficacy of restorative dental treatment provided under general anesthesia at hospitalized pediatric dental patients of Isfahan

Background: General anesthesia (GA) allows dental treatment to be rendered under optimal conditions, theoretically ensuring ideal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of restorative dental procedures performed under GA. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 305 pediatric patients who had been treated under GA 6 to 24 months before our survey at Isfahan′s hospitalized dentistry center were examined. The examination was performed on dental chair with oral mirror and dental probe. The results were recorded in a special form for each patient for statistical analysis and evaluation of restorations to be successful or failed. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square and fisher exact tests for comparison between success rates of restorations and Kendall′s tau-b test for evaluating the effect of time on success rates of them (P < 0.05). Results: Stainless steel crown restorations had significantly better results vs class I and class II amalgam and class I and class II tooth color restorations. All types of posterior tooth color restorations had statistically same results with amalgam restorations. Anterior composite resin build-up represented significantly low success rates. The failure rates of stainless steel crown and anterior composite resin build-up restorations did not correlate with the time of follow-up (P = 0.344 and P = 0.091, respectively). Conclusion: Stainless steel crown restorations had significantly better results vs other posterior restorations. The failure rates of stainless steel crown and anterior composite resin build-up restorations did not correlate with the time of follow-up in comparison of other restorations

Patient satisfaction in the emergency department: a case of Sina hospital in Tabriz

Objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important indicators for measuring the quality of emergency services and health care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients’ satisfaction in the emergency department (ED) of Sina hospital. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed during one month in Sina hospital in 2014. Data were collected by a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts. Part 1 included the demographic characteristics and part 2 encompassed the scales of satisfactory. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 15. Results: Totally, 425 patients participated in this study. The mean age of patients was 41.6±17.6 years. The mean total score of patient satisfaction was 17.43±1.56. The maximum satisfaction was related to the knowledge of physicians and the minimum satisfaction was related to the remaining period in the ED. Additionally, there was a desirable satisfaction for nurses’ performances. In terms of satisfaction regarding the physical environment and the workflow of the ED, the results were moderate. There was a significant statistical difference regarding nurses and physicians behavior in the ED during different working shifts, vacation days, and workdays. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, patients had good satisfaction for the received services in the ED. It is necessary to develop physical spaces and improve the workflow of patients in the ED

Innovative services in home health nursing: a scoping review protocol

Introduction Advances in the use of technology in home health nursing (HHN) not only can facilitate the delivery of home care but can also influence the entire healthcare system. Additionally, it can contribute to the individual autonomy in the area of health. The aim of this scoping review protocol is to identify, describe and map the types of innovative services and their delivery approaches in the HHN structure worldwide.Methods and analysis The main question of the research is as follows: what are different types of innovative services and their delivery approaches in the HHN structure around the world? The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method for scoping reviews will guide the conducting this scoping review, and the participants, concept and context framework will be used as eligibility criteria. MEDLINE databases via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Persian scientific databases and grey literature will be searched prior to May 2024 to include eligible studies, without any language restrictions. To be included, studies will be reviewed by two independent reviewers. A data extraction form developed for the study purpose will be used to extract the data relevant to the review questions. Data analysis will be performed based on each innovative service and answering the subquestions about it. According to the concepts of interest, the results will be analysed and presented using tables, figures, images and a narrative summary.Ethics and dissemination This study will not involve human or animal participants. Data will be sourced from the published literature. To be published, the results of the study will be submitted to an international peer-reviewed, open-access journal as well as scientific meetings on HHN and innovative services research