Fordyce happiness program and postpartum depression

Background: Postpartum depression is endangering the health of mothers and has negative impacts on the evolution of social communication and newborns evolution. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Fordyce Happiness program on the postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental intervention carried out on postpartum mothers that referred to 4 health centers in Isfahan. A total of 133 mothers were selected by convenient sampling and then randomly allocated in two groups (63 and 70 mothers for intervention and control respectively). Maternal depression 3 times before, immediate and 1 months after intervention in both groups was evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory-II-Persian standardized questionnaires. Educational sessions based on the Fordyce happiness program were conducted for intervention group. Data was analyzed in SPSS17 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois) descriptive and analytic statistical tests at significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant differences in demographic variables between the two groups (P >= 0.05). No significant differences in depression scores in the two groups before training. However after 2 months a significant difference in depression score was observed between two groups (control group: 19.38 +/- 3.94; intervention group: 16.24 +/- 4.8; P < 0.001). Furthermore in intervention group showed significant differences in depression scores before and after intervention (19.15 +/- 3.41 and 16.24 +/- 4.83; P < 0.001). However in the control group had not any significant change. Conclusion: Fordyce happiness program was effective in reducing postpartum depression in our study. With attention to the effectiveness and low cost of this program, it is recommended that this program might be considered for all mothers after childbirth in health centers or other community-based settings

Effect of educational intervention on self-efficacy for choosing delivery method among pregnant women in 2013

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 130 pregnant women who attended urban health centers in Shahrekord city in 2013. Intervention was applied in the experimental group in three sessions in about 60-90 min while control group did not receive any intervention. Fear of childbirth and self-efficacy questionnaire was completed before and after training. Results: While mean scores of the fear of childbirth, expectations and childbirth self-efficacy before the intervention between the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05), mean scores of childbirth in intervention group was reduced and expectation and childbirth self-efficacy had a significant increase after intervention (P 0.05) and self-efficacy (P < 0.001) than those who chose normal method. Conclusions: Our findings showed that training-based self-efficacy procedure has been effective in encouraging mothers to choose natural childbirth. Therefore, the design and implementation of curriculum-based strategies for increasing self-efficacy is suggested for pregnant women. Background: Nowadays, there has been a growing trend of caesarean sections in Iran. One reason would be the mother’s desire. Increased maternal self-efficacy can be an important step to reduce percentage of cesarean. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training-based strategies to increase the self-efficacy for choosing delivery method among pregnant women in Shahrekord city. © 2014, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved

Does Spousal Support Can Increase the Women’s Physical Activity?

Background: Numerous benefits of physical activity are well-known for the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and cancers. However, the status of physical activities among women remains noticeably less than the recommended level. Considering the importance of the spouses’ participation in the promotion of women’s health, this study examined the impact of spousal support on women’s physical activity. Methods: This semi--experimental study was done in February 2015 on 100 couples in reproductive age referred to health centers of Falavarjan city. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The information related to women’s physical activity in both groups was collected by aquestionnaire in two steps, before and three months after the intervention. The spouses of women in the intervention group were trained in the field of the importance of physical activity in women’s health in two sessions. The data were analyzed by the software SPSS21 and suitable statistical tests (Independent t, paired t, and Chi-square). Results: The mean and standard deviation of women’s age in the both groups were 28.76±5.51 and 30.38±5.31, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and overweight in the women under the study was generally estimated 44%. Physical activities of women in the intervention group were significantly increased after the intervention (P<0.0001). Also, the Body Mass Index in the intervention group was significantly decreased compared to before the intervention and control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Spouses could encourage women to perform physical activities. It is recommended that the health care system should implement educational sessions for men to encourage women to exercise

Validity and reliability of the Persian version of mobile phone addiction scale

Background: With regard to large number of mobile users especially among college students in Iran, addiction to mobile phone is attracting increasing concern. There is an urgent need for reliable and valid instrument to measure this phenomenon. This study examines validity and reliability of the Persian version of mobile phone addiction scale (MPAIS) in college students. Materials and Methods: this methodological study was down in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. One thousand one hundred and eighty students were selected by convenience sampling. The English version of the MPAI questionnaire was translated into Persian with the approach of Jones et al. (Challenges in language, culture, and modality: Translating English measures into American Sign Language. Nurs Res 2006; 55: 75-81). Its reliability was tested by Cronbach′s alpha and its dimensionality validity was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients with other measures of mobile phone use and IAT. Construct validity was evaluated using Exploratory subscale analysis. Results: Cronbach′s alpha of 0.86 was obtained for total PMPAS, for subscale1 (eight items) was 0.84, for subscale 2 (five items) was 0.81 and for subscale 3 (two items) was 0.77. There were significantly positive correlations between the score of PMPAS and IAT (r = 0.453, P < 0.001) and other measures of mobile phone use. Principal component subscale analysis yielded a three-subscale structure including: inability to control craving; feeling anxious and lost; mood improvement accounted for 60.57% of total variance. The results of discriminate validity showed that all the item′s correlations with related subscale were greater than 0.5 and correlations with unrelated subscale were less than 0.5. Conclusion: Considering lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring addiction to the mobile phone, PMPAS could be a suitable instrument for measuring mobile phone addiction in future research

Assessment of educational intervention in enhancing parenting self-efficacy in parents of primary school students

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Parenting self-efficacy, which is one of the main determinants of effective and positive parental behavior, has been commonly defined as the parents' opinions and beliefs to develop their ability to affect their children in a way that raises their confidence development and adjustment. This study was performed to examine the effect of educational intervention on parenting self-efficacy in parents of primary school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 104 parents of primary school students in Khomeini Shahr city, Isfahan province of Iran, in 2017. In this study, 104 parents (52 couples) of primary school students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Then, an educational intervention was implemented in the experimental group during 6 sessions of 2 h while the control group received only the usual family school education program. The parenting self-efficacy was measured before the intervention and 2 months afterward. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic variables of parents in both groups. Both the experimental and control groups were similar in terms of age, number of children, education, and employment as well as parenting self-efficacy. Two months after the intervention, the mean of total parenting self-efficacy, as well as play and entertainment with the child, discipline and boundaries, self-acceptance, learning and knowledge in the experimental group, were significantly higher than the control group, but the mean scores of other areas were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Educational interventions that engage parents in group task and facilitate expression of experiences, are feasible in the primary school meetings and have a helpful effect on parenting self-efficacy

The relationship between media literacy and psychological well-being in adolescent girls in Semirom city

CONTEXT: In recent years, the media have had very massive effects on individuals, especially children and adolescents. Hence, they should be able to use media rationally also be able to create digital, multimedia texts, and attain media literacy. Media literacy is a skill based on understanding and gives the audience the opportunity to use the media appropriately and critically. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between media literacy and mental psychology of high school students in Semirom city. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This correlational study was conducted with the participation of 139 adolescent girls selected using multi-stage random sampling, in Semirom city, Isfahan province, the Central of Iran, in 2017. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were measured using researcher-made media literacy questionnaire, psychological well-being Scales of Ryff. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics (Pearson correlations) were used. The statistical significant level was set as 0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between family economic situation, parental education, and media literacy score. Media literacy was significantly correlated with total psychological well-being (r = 0.165, P < 0.05), personal growth subscale (r = 0.216, P < 0.05), and self-acceptance subscale (r = 0.218, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the importance of psychological well-being in adolescents' life, the design of educational interventions to increase media literacy is recommended

Self-efficacy Among Older Adults in Fereydunshahr City

Objectives Self-efficacy is a very important factor as far as old age is concerned. Because of the numerous physical and physiological changes occurring in elder&rsquo;s bodies, self-efficacy has &nbsp;initiated a broad discussion among experts. Numerous studies have revealed that self-efficacy is one of the most important predictors of health behaviors among the elderly and adults in general. Keeping these facts in mind, this study was conducted to evaluate the self-efficacy among the elderly in Fereydunshahr City.&nbsp; Methods & Materials The present study was a descriptive-analytical one and was conducted by means of a cross-sectional survey. Two hundred elderly people in Fereydunshahr City were selected by the systematic randomly sampling method. The average (SD) age of the elderly was 68.02 (3.7) years, and 101 (50.5%) of them were women, and 99 (49.5%) were men. The data were collected with a couple of questionnaires. The first questionnaire included demographic characteristics of the elderly, and the second was the Scherer self-efficacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS (ver. 20) through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman test, and Independent t test. Results The mean (SD) score of self-efficacy among elderly was 26.6 (6.8); the independent t test showed that the self-efficacy score in those with chronic diseases was significantly lower than healthy elders. The average score of self-efficacy in the elderly who lived with family was significantly higher than those who lived alone, and the average self-efficacy score in the elderly people with jobs was significantly higher than those who were unemployed.&nbsp; Conclusion Given that self-efficacy is an important component of lifestyle changes, it can be effective in changing behaviors or help in the initiating of healthy behaviors. In this study, self-efficacy of the elderly was moderate. Therefore, designing and implementing educational interventions and promoting healthy practices are recommended

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Self-Efficacy of Natural Childbirth in Pregnant Women

Background: Self-efficacy of childbirth has an important role in increasing the ability of the mother to adapt to normal childbirth and decreasing the tendency for cesarean section. The aim of the present study was determining the self-efficacy status of normal vaginal delivery and related demographic variables in pregnant women in Lenjan City, Iran. Methods: The study population consisted of all pregnant women in Lenjan City at 20 to 37 weeks of gestation. Using simple random sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study as well as ethical considerations, 87 people were selected from Lenjan comprehensive health centers. All participants completed the Maternal Self-efficacy Questionnaire (MSQ) and demographic variables assessment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as correlation and regression tests in SPSS software. Findings: The mean self-efficacy of normal vaginal delivery in pregnant women in Lenjan City was 101.8 with a range of 17-170, that was in the desired range. In addition, results of correlation analysis and regression analysis showed that among demographic variables, only preparation classes for childbirth could significantly explain self-efficacy of normal delivery (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study play an important role in formulating the content of special education for pregnant women and increasing their empowerment and adjustment to childbirth

Investigating the Relationship between Mental Health with Self-Control and Life Satisfaction in Students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2019

Background: Assessing students' mental health status and related factors is one of the important ways to achieve academic development. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between mental health with self-control and life satisfaction in students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 230 undergraduate and doctoral students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The research instruments were demographic information Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Tanji Self-Control Questionnaire, and Diener Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with 95% confidence level. Findings: 49% of students had mental health and mental health status was better in men and married people. There was also a significant correlation between mental health, self-control, and life satisfaction. Conclusion: Mental health has an effect on students' life satisfaction and self-control. Therefore, it is recommended to hold one-on-one counseling sessions with students, and in their educational program, the issue of life satisfaction should be addressed. In order to maintain high self-control in students and prevent the occurrence of abnormal behaviors in universities, this issue should be considered

Designing a tool for measuring determinants of eye self-care and evaluating its psychometric properties

Background: Eye care is crucial for maintaining healthy vision. This study aimed to design a determinants assessment instrument related to eye self-care in the student community and evaluate its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: The present mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted in two sections using Creswell and Plano Clark methods for instrument development. The study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. The first section (textual analysis and qualitative research) explained and developed the instrument's fundamental items. This section included in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 students and eight experts. In the second, the psychometric properties of the designed instrument have been evaluated. Twenty students assessed the instrument's qualitative and quantitative face validity. The instrument's content was measured by computing the content validity ratio and content validity index. In addition, exploratory factor analysis (performed on 251 students) was used to establish construct validity. Internal and test–retest reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Results: During face and content validity assessment, a 39-item questionnaire was finalized. Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of seven factors, including “perceived self-efficacy and self-regulation,” “outcome expectation,” “perceived barriers,” “motivation,” “perceived susceptibility,” “normative beliefs,” and “perceived severity.” The seven extracted factors explained 48.6% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was obtained to be 0.780, indicating good internal consistency, and the ICC for the total score of the questionnaire was 0.892 (95% confidence interval: 0.822–0.944), indicating excellent test–retest reliability. Conclusion: Our developed questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument for assessing eye care determinants among students, a vulnerable population afflicted with eye defects and disorders