11 research outputs found
Weighted descriptive characteristics of the study population and age at first sex.
Weighted descriptive characteristics of the study population and age at first sex.</p
Weighted descriptive characteristics of the study population and age at first sex.
Weighted descriptive characteristics of the study population and age at first sex.</p
Factors explaining age at first sex inequality between men and women youth.
Factors explaining age at first sex inequality between men and women youth.</p
Material factors related to early age at first sex.
Material factors related to early age at first sex.</p
Behavior/cultural, psychosocial, and demographic factors related to early age at first sex.
Behavior/cultural, psychosocial, and demographic factors related to early age at first sex.</p
Subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected adults attending HIV/AIDS care at two large ambulatory HIV clinics in Uganda.
The increased immune activation and inflammation of chronic HIV-infection and the characteristic dyslipidemias associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) contribute to an increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease among HIV-infected adults. There is an emerging need to understand determinants of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals aging with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We determined the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis [carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) ≥ 0.78 mm] and its correlation with traditional CVD risk factors among HIV-infected adults.In a cross-sectional study, HIV-infected adults (ART-naïve and ART-treated) were consecutively selected from patients' enrollment registers at two large HIV clinics at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. We measured traditional CVD risk factors including age, biophysical profile, fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profile as well as biomarkers of inflammation. High resolution ultrasound was used to measure common carotid CIMT.Of 245 patients, Median age [Interquartile range (IQR)] 37 years (31-43), 168 (69%) were females; and 100 (41%) were ART-treated for at least 7 years. Overall, 34/186 (18%) had subclinical atherosclerosis; of whom 15/108 (14%) were ART-naïve whereas 19/78 (24%) were ART-treated. Independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis included age [odds ratio (OR) 1.83 per 5-year increase in age; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-2.69; p = 0.002], body mass index (BMI); OR 1.15; CI 1.01-1.31; p = 0.041 and high low density lipoprotein (LDL) [OR 2.99; CI 1.02-8.78, p = 0.046]. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was positively correlated with traditional cardio-metabolic risk factors including waist circumference (r = 0.127, p = 0.05), triglycerides (r = 0.19, p = 0.003) and Total Cholesterol: High Density Lipoprotein ratio (TC:LDL) (r = 0.225, p<0.001).The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 18% among HIV-infected adults in Uganda. Traditional CVD risk factors were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. We recommend routine assessment of traditional CVD risk factors within HIV care and treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa
Logistic regression for factors associated with subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV infected adults attending two large ambulatory HIV clinics in Uganda.
<p>CIMT: Carotid Intima Media Thickness, HDL: High Density Lipoprotein, LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein, TC-HDL: Total Cholesterol- High Density Lipoprotein ratio, hsCRP: high sensitivity C - reactive protein, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ART: Antiretroviral therapy.</p
Spearman correlation coefficients of hsCRP concentrations with CIMT and traditional cardiovascular risk factors among HIV infected adults.
<p>CIMT: Carotid Intima Media Thickness, HDL: High Density Lipoprotein, LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein, TC-HDL: Total Cholesterol- High Density Lipoprotein ratio, hsCRP: high sensitivity C - reactive protein.</p
Flow diagram showing HIV-infected adults that participated in the study.
<p>* 36 patients with confirmed active disease and 3 patients receiving steroid therapy were excluded. ART: Anti retroviral therapy, CIMT: Carotid intimal medial thickness, CBC: Complete blood count, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein.</p
The distribution of subclinical atherosclerosis across the Framingham risk score categories (n = 181).
<p>Note: 5 of the participants had missing variables for FRS score hence not included.</p><p>CIMT: Carotid intima media thickness, CI: Confidence interval</p