Overlay histograms showing z-scores for English and mathematics stratified by sex within the ALSPAC study.

<p>Boys’ results in grey; girls’ results in white. Girls exhibit an average 0.433 SD (95%CI 0.395, 0.470), p<10⁻¹⁰ advantage over boys in English, and attain more similar exam results in mathematics with boys exhibiting an average 0.042 SD (95%CI 0.004, 0.080), p = 0.0303 advantage over girls in mathematics.</p

Relationships between SATS z-scores and unweighted allele score within the ALSPAC study.

<p>All models include sex and age as covariables.</p

Histogram of allele score, with linear relationships between SATS z-scores and the allele score superimposed.

<p>The unweighted allele score is created from three SNPs rs9320913, rs11584700 and rs4851266. Each unit increase in the allele score corresponds to an individual having an additional educational attainment increasing allele. The density for the allele score taking the value 6 is 0.0016, which is too small to be visible in this figure. The linear relationships with 95%CIs from our regressions of SATS z-scores on allele score are superimposed. The English regression is represented by a black line with grey 95%CI, and mathematics by a grey line with black 95%CI.</p