Transport and Noise Characteristics of Submicron High-Temperature Superconductor Grain-Boundary Junctions

We have investigated the transport and noise properties of submicron YBCO bicrystal grain-boundary junctions prepared using electron beam lithography. The junctions show an increased conductance for low voltages reminiscent of Josephson junctions having a barrier with high transmissivity. The voltage noise spectra are dominated by a few Lorentzian components. At low temperatures clear two-level random telegraph switching (RTS) signals are observable in the voltage vs time traces. We have investigated the temperature and voltage dependence of individual fluctuators both from statistical analysis of voltage vs time traces and from fits to noise spectra. A transition from tunneling to thermally activated behavior of individual fluctuators was clearly observed. The experimental results support the model of charge carrier traps in the barrier region.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Appl. Phys. Let

Further genetic analysis and linkage relationships of isozyme loci in the pea: Confirmation of the diploid nature of the genome

Allozyme polymorphism is described and the mode of inheritance determined for 15 loci in Pisum sativum. The approximate position on the pea linkage map is described for 12 of these loci. The remaining three loci formed a single group that assorted independently of morphological markers on each of the seven currently recognized linkage groups. Possible cases of gene duplication are identified in the alcohol dehydrogenase and esterase enzyme systems, but in neither case was polyploidy a likely explanation for the paired loci. Nor did the arrangement of the isozyme loci on the linkage map give any indication that the pea genome is of polyploid derivation. We conclude that the "polymeric” genes that have been described in the pea are probably not homologous pairs and do not reflect a polypiold ancestr

Chromosomal locations of twelve isozyme loci in Pisum sativum

Approximate chromosomal locations of 12 loci specifying electrophoretic enzyme variants are described in the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). The enzyme loci are distributed on five of the seven chromosomes. The position of the loci on chromosomes 2 and 3 are such that most of the known markers on these chromosomes will exhibit linkage with at least one of the isozyme loci. Several of the loci studied code for enzymes that have isozymic counterparts in other compartments of the cell. In order to distinguish among the genes coding these isozymes we have added a suffix to the locus designation corresponding to the intracellular location of its produc

Technologische Alternativen zum herkömmlichen Einsatz von Pökelstoffen in Öko-Fleischwaren

On the basis of literature research and opinions of meat processors and other experts, this paper discusses alternatives to the currently permitted use of curing agents in the processing of organic meat. These alternatives include (i) the reduction of addition of nitrite to levels sufficient for the desired sensory properties, (ii) the in situ bacterial formation of nitrite from nitrate naturally present in added vegetable preparations, and (iii) not making use of the beneficial effects of nitrite on the colour and aroma of the product at all. Measures to be taken to compensate for the effects of nitrite, as well as problems in implementation of technological alternatives are discussed

Trajectory-Based Dynamic Map Labeling

In this paper we introduce trajectory-based labeling, a new variant of dynamic map labeling, where a movement trajectory for the map viewport is given. We define a general labeling model and study the active range maximization problem in this model. The problem is NP-complete and W[1]-hard. In the restricted, yet practically relevant case that no more than k labels can be active at any time, we give polynomial-time algorithms. For the general case we present a practical ILP formulation with an experimental evaluation as well as approximation algorithms.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, extended version of a paper to appear at ISAAC 201

Quantum Fluctuations Driven Orientational Disordering: A Finite-Size Scaling Study

The orientational ordering transition is investigated in the quantum generalization of the anisotropic-planar-rotor model in the low temperature regime. The phase diagram of the model is first analyzed within the mean-field approximation. This predicts at $T=0$ a phase transition from the ordered to the disordered state when the strength of quantum fluctuations, characterized by the rotational constant $\Theta$, exceeds a critical value $\Theta_{\rm c}^{MF}$. As a function of temperature, mean-field theory predicts a range of values of $\Theta$ where the system develops long-range order upon cooling, but enters again into a disordered state at sufficiently low temperatures (reentrance). The model is further studied by means of path integral Monte Carlo simulations in combination with finite-size scaling techniques, concentrating on the region of parameter space where reentrance is predicted to occur. The phase diagram determined from the simulations does not seem to exhibit reentrant behavior; at intermediate temperatures a pronounced increase of short-range order is observed rather than a genuine long-range order.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, RevTe

An isozyme marker for resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus in Pisum sativum

Linkage between Pgm-p, the locus specifying the plastid specific phosphoglucomutase, and Mo, the locus controlling resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), was investigated in the garden pea, Pisum sativum L. Both genes are known to be on chromosome 2 and exhibit linkage with two morphological marker loci, K and Wb. Our results indicate that the gene order is: Wb—K—Pgm-p—Mo. A map distance of approximately two recombinant units was determined for the Pgm-p—Mo linkage, suggesting that the enzyme locus can be used as a genetic marker for resistance to BYM