A study of breakfast pattern in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines

The quality of foods taken during breakfast could contribute in shaping diet quality. The International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI) conducted a standardized analysis of national nutrition surveys from Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines to derive nutritional recommendations for a balanced breakfast

Glass Furnace Combustion and Melting Research Facility.

The need for a Combustion and Melting Research Facility focused on the solution of glass manufacturing problems common to all segments of the glass industry was given high priority in the earliest version of the Glass Industry Technology Roadmap (Eisenhauer et al., 1997). Visteon Glass Systems and, later, PPG Industries proposed to meet this requirement, in partnership with the DOE/OIT Glass Program and Sandia National Laboratories, by designing and building a research furnace equipped with state-of-the-art diagnostics in the DOE Combustion Research Facility located at the Sandia site in Livermore, CA. Input on the configuration and objectives of the facility was sought from the entire industry by a variety of routes: (1) through a survey distributed to industry leaders by GMIC, (2) by conducting an open workshop following the OIT Glass Industry Project Review in September 1999, (3) from discussions with numerous glass engineers, scientists, and executives, and (4) during visits to glass manufacturing plants and research centers. The recommendations from industry were that the melting tank be made large enough to reproduce the essential processes and features of industrial furnaces yet flexible enough to be operated in as many as possible of the configurations found in industry as well as in ways never before attempted in practice. Realization of these objectives, while still providing access to the glass bath and combustion space for optical diagnostics and measurements using conventional probes, was the principal challenge in the development of the tank furnace design. The present report describes a facility having the requirements identified as important by members of the glass industry and equipped to do the work that the industry recommended should be the focus of research. The intent is that the laboratory would be available to U.S. glass manufacturers for collaboration with Sandia scientists and engineers on both precompetitive basic research and the solution of proprietary glass production problems. As a consequence of the substantial increase in scale and scope of the initial furnace concept in response to industry recommendations, constraints on funding of industrial programs by DOE, and reorientation of the Department's priorities, the OIT Glass Program is unable to provide the support for construction of such a facility. However, it is the present investigators' hope that a group of industry partners will emerge to carry the project forward, taking advantage of the detailed furnace design presented in this report. The engineering, including complete construction drawings, bill of materials, and equipment specifications, is complete. The project is ready to begin construction as soon as the quotations are updated. The design of the research melter closely follows the most advanced industrial practice, firing by natural gas with oxygen. The melting area is 13 ft x 6 ft, with a glass depth of 3 ft and an average height in the combustion space of 3 ft. The maximum pull rate is 25 tons/day, ranging from 100% batch to 100% cullet, continuously fed, with variable batch composition, particle size distribution, and raft configuration. The tank is equipped with bubblers to control glass circulation. The furnace can be fired in three modes: (1) using a single large burner mounted on the front wall, (2) by six burners in a staggered/opposed arrangement, three in each breast wall, and (3) by down-fired burners mounted in the crown in any combination with the front wall or breast-wall-mounted burners. Horizontal slots are provided between the tank blocks and tuck stones and between the breast wall and skewback blocks, running the entire length of the furnace on both sides, to permit access to the combustion space and the surface of the glass for optical measurements and sampling probes. Vertical slots in the breast walls provide additional access for measurements and sampling. The furnace and tank are to be fully instrumented with standard measuring equipment, such as flow meters, thermocouples, continuous gas composition analyzers, optical pyrometers, and a video camera. The output from the instruments is to be continuously recorded and simultaneously made available to other researchers via the Internet. A unique aspect of the research facility would be its access to the expertise in optical measurements in flames and high temperature reacting flows residing in the Sandia Combustion Research Facility. Development of new techniques for monitoring and control of glass melting would be a major focus of the work. The lab would be equipped with conventional and laser light sources and detectors for optical measurements of gas temperature, velocity, and gaseous species and, using new techniques to be developed in the Research Facility itself, glass temperature and glass composition

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201

Development of Phil-HEI and its evaluation of the Filipino diet: 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

Objective: To validate the application of the developed Philippine Healthy Eating Index (Phil-HEI) by exemplifying in a 2-week cycle menu plans and its application on the diet quality of Filipino adults using the 2018 ENNS dietary data. Methods: The study analyzed data from 31,218 adult Filipinos aged 20 to 59 who participated in the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). Dietary intake was obtained using 24 h food recall, used to calculate the Philippine Healthy Eating Index. To establish the efficiency of the index, the following aspects were evaluated: (1) content validity, (2) construct validity, (3) discriminating validity, (4) sensitivity analysis, and (5) internal consistency reliability. Results: The Philippine Healthy Eating Index (Phil-HEI) was developed using local guidelines, Philippine Food Pyramid, Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes, World Health Organization international guidelines, and the adapted AHEI-2010. The study found a significant association between Phil-HEI scores and age, wealth quintile, education, smoking, and BMI. The correlation between the Phil-HEI scores and energy/nutrient intake was significant but weak, with a trend across the Phil-HEI score tertiles. The discrimination validity showed large differences in mean scores based on usual diet versus three cycle menu plans. A sensitivity analysis revealed that higher Phil-HEI scores were associated with lower risk of chronic energy deficiency. The reliability of the Phil-HEI components was low (α = 0.26) due to the complex nature of assessing diet quality. Conclusions: The Philippine Healthy Eating Index showed itself to be structurally valid when used to evaluate and monitor the diet quality of Filipino adults

The Impact of Wealth Status on Food Intake Patterns in Filipino School-Aged Children and Adolescents

Socio-economic status (SES) has an impact on food consumption in developing countries. However, the impact of SES on dietary patterns in Filipino school-aged children is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to fill this knowledge gap, using data from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake of 11,691 children (6–18 years) were assessed using a 24-h recall. All food and beverages were assigned to one of 85 food groups. Mean daily intake, percent consuming (prevalence), and contribution to energy intake were determined, and stratified by SES, in 6–9 years old, 10–12 years old, and 13–18 years old. Rice was the most consumed food and the primary source of energy across all three age groups, independent of SES. Children of poor SES presented greater consumption of fish, vegetables, fruit, and table sugar (p < 0.05). In comparison, children of rich and middle SES presented greater consumption of milk, chicken, pork, sausages, and soft-drinks (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SES impacts the type of foods consumed by Filipino children, with children in the poorest households being most at risk of consuming low-variety diets. This analysis could be used to support public health strategies to improve dietary diversity, and potentially nutrient intake, in Filipino children

Inadequate nutrient intakes in Filipino schoolchildren and adolescents are common among those from rural areas and poor families

Background: Adequate nutrition during childhood and adolescence is essential to promote growth and development. Objective: This study evaluated usual energy and nutrient intakes of Filipino schoolchildren and adolescents. Design: Food and beverage intakes were collected from a nationally representative sample of schoolchildren aged 6–9 and 10–12 years (n = 3,594 and n = 2,971, respectively) and adolescents aged 13–18 years (n = 5,447) using 24-h dietary recalls. The distributions of usual energy and nutrient intakes and the prevalence of inadequate intakes, which is defined as the percent of children with intakes less than estimated average requirements or acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, were estimated using the Personal Computer Software for Intake Distribution Estimation (PC-SIDE) program. Results: The results showed that the mean energy intakes were 19–35% lower than estimated energy requirement. High prevalence of inadequate intakes was found for most macro- and micronutrients. Prevalence of inadequacies was as follows: protein 12–47%, total fat (as percentage of energy) 38–52%, calcium 92–94%, iron 75–90%, vitamin C 68–96%, folate 61–93%, vitamin A 58–81%, riboflavin 58–91%, thiamin 27–75%, and phosphorus 18–91%. Conclusions: Generally, prevalence of inadequacy of key nutrients were relatively high among adolescents and schoolchildren, especially those from poor families and rural areas. This study demonstrated that nutrient intakes of Filipino schoolchildren and adolescents were highly inadequate, particularly among the poor and those living in rural areas

Energy dependence of coherent photonuclear production of J/ψ mesons in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at sNN \sqrt{{\textrm{s}}_{\textrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV

The cross section for coherent photonuclear production of J/ψ is presented as a function of the electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of Pb. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{{\textrm{s}}_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Cross sections are presented in five different J/ψ rapidity ranges within |y| < 4, with the J/ψ reconstructed via its dilepton decay channels. In some events the J/ψ is not accompanied by EMD, while other events do produce neutrons from EMD at beam rapidities either in one or the other beam direction, or in both. The cross sections in a given rapidity range and for different configurations of neutrons from EMD allow for the extraction of the energy dependence of this process in the range 17 < W$_{γ Pb,n}$ < 920 GeV, where W$_{γ Pb,n}$ is the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon of the γPb system. This range corresponds to a Bjorken-x interval spanning about three orders of magnitude: 1.1 × 10$^{−5}$ < x < 3.3 × 10$^{−2}$. In addition to the ultra-peripheral and photonuclear cross sections, the nuclear suppression factor is obtained. These measurements point to a strong depletion of the gluon distribution in Pb nuclei over a broad, previously unexplored, energy range. These results, together with previous ALICE measurements, provide unprecedented information to probe quantum chromodynamics at high energies