Characterization of Dysbiotic Changes of Skin Microbiota in Contact Sports Athletes

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Contact sports athletes often suffer from various skin disorders (inflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal origin, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.) resulting in long breaks in training which ruin athletic performance. Wrestling implies intense skin-to-skin contact that creates perfect conditions for transmission of the infectious agents. Following the standard rules of hygiene (showering and handwashing directly after each competition and training) does not exclude the possibility to get an infection from sparring partner. To characterize the skin microbial composition of wrestlers who do not have current manifestation of any skin disorders, the metagenomic analysis was performed. Absolute predominance of Bacillus genus in metagenomic profiles of wrestlers’ skin was observed in contrast with the existing literature data. Classic microbiological approaches allowed to detect hemolytic forms of microorganisms. Wrestlers’ skin appeared to be colonized with hemolytic bacilli, whereas the non-wrestler athletes did not have such bacteria on their skin. Such dysbiotic shifts in the microbial community may cause the emergence of skin diseases. Revealed properties could help to design highly effective antiseptics for the contact sports hygiene

Charlatans versus honorable physicians: The professional discourse on virtue and good practice in Spain (1820-1860)

Los estudios sobre la corrupción, el fraude o las prácticas inmorales constituyen un área en expansión en la historiografía. Dentro de ese marco, el artículo se centra en el análisis del discurso médico sobre la charlatanería y la práctica profesional fraudulenta en España entre 1820 y 1860. Trazable al menos hasta la época de la Ilustración y enmarcado en una estrategia discursiva más amplia, el discurso contra la charlatanería aportaba un contra-modelo operativo para construir el ideal de profesional virtuoso, cuya labor profesional estaba avalada por una formación reglada y por el desarrollo de la medicina como «ciencia útil» para el país y para la Humanidad. La convivencia entre una medicina «legítima» y otras prácticas alternativas había sido una constante en la historia. Sin embargo, durante el siglo XIX tomó fuerza a nivel trans- nacional un discurso generalizado de denuncia contra los llamados charlatanes, personas que ejerciesen la medicina sin título o que llevasen a cabo prácticas entendidas como acientíficas o inmorales. Este discurso fue desplegado desde espacios de comunicación profesionales, en especial la prensa médica de la época, en un contexto que se caracterizaba por la transfor- mación de la profesión médica en España y en Europa (y más allá), por el afán de reafirmar la profesión médica como una ocupación honorable y por la pugna por los pacientes/clientes en un mercado con rasgos novedosos. Asimismo, resaltamos el papel del Estado a la hora de definir y reconocer la autoridad de experto de los médicos y, al mismo tiempo, ser interpelado por ellos para implicarse en la lucha contra la charlatanería

Influence of Divalent Metal Ions on Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The wild strain of B. subtilis 168, the protease-deficient strain of B. subtilis BRB14, and the regulatory mutants of B. subtilis 168 degU and B. subtilis 168 ccpA were examined for their ability to form biofilms under stress conditions—with elevated concentrations of divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+), as well as in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It was shown that regulatory mutants are more resistant to the addition of divalent metal ions than wild and protease-deficient strains. At the same time, the introduction of EDTA reduces the level of biofilm formation by all strains on average by 50%

Influence of Divalent Metal Ions on Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The wild strain of B. subtilis 168, the protease-deficient strain of B. subtilis BRB14, and the regulatory mutants of B. subtilis 168 degU and B. subtilis 168 ccpA were examined for their ability to form biofilms under stress conditions—with elevated concentrations of divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+), as well as in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It was shown that regulatory mutants are more resistant to the addition of divalent metal ions than wild and protease-deficient strains. At the same time, the introduction of EDTA reduces the level of biofilm formation by all strains on average by 50%

Skin Microbiota in Contact Sports Athletes and Selection of Antiseptics for Professional Hygiene

© 2019 Dilyara S. Martykanova et al. Background. The aim of this study was to assess changes in skin microbiota of wrestlers during training sessions and to determine the sensitivity of hemolytic bacterial isolates to antiseptics. Methods. The main skin bacterial isolates obtained from the skin of 15 wrestlers were identified by cultivation method, with the following MALDI Biotyper and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. The sensitivity of hemolytic isolates to antiseptics (Veltosept-2, Cutasept F, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, and Hydrogen Peroxide) was evaluated by measuring the size of bacterial growth inhibition zone on agar plates. Results. Opportunistic bacteria of the species Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus were the most commonly found species in skin microbiota of wrestlers before and after training sessions. Representatives of all these species mostly had a hemolytic activity. An alcohol-containing antiseptic Veltosept-2 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the bacterial isolates of athletes' skin microbiota most frequently detected in this study. Conclusions. The general increase in the bacterial colonization of wrestlers' skin, as well as the presence of hemolytic forms of opportunistic bacteria in cutaneous microbiota, indicates dysbiotic changes and a decrease in the protective features of the host organism. Veltosept-2 application can reduce the incidence of skin infections in contact sports athletes with the highest efficiency

Skin Microbiota in Contact Sports Athletes and Selection of Antiseptics for Professional Hygiene

© 2019 Dilyara S. Martykanova et al. Background. The aim of this study was to assess changes in skin microbiota of wrestlers during training sessions and to determine the sensitivity of hemolytic bacterial isolates to antiseptics. Methods. The main skin bacterial isolates obtained from the skin of 15 wrestlers were identified by cultivation method, with the following MALDI Biotyper and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. The sensitivity of hemolytic isolates to antiseptics (Veltosept-2, Cutasept F, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, and Hydrogen Peroxide) was evaluated by measuring the size of bacterial growth inhibition zone on agar plates. Results. Opportunistic bacteria of the species Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus were the most commonly found species in skin microbiota of wrestlers before and after training sessions. Representatives of all these species mostly had a hemolytic activity. An alcohol-containing antiseptic Veltosept-2 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the bacterial isolates of athletes' skin microbiota most frequently detected in this study. Conclusions. The general increase in the bacterial colonization of wrestlers' skin, as well as the presence of hemolytic forms of opportunistic bacteria in cutaneous microbiota, indicates dysbiotic changes and a decrease in the protective features of the host organism. Veltosept-2 application can reduce the incidence of skin infections in contact sports athletes with the highest efficiency

Characterization of Dysbiotic Changes of Skin Microbiota in Contact Sports Athletes

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Contact sports athletes often suffer from various skin disorders (inflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal origin, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.) resulting in long breaks in training which ruin athletic performance. Wrestling implies intense skin-to-skin contact that creates perfect conditions for transmission of the infectious agents. Following the standard rules of hygiene (showering and handwashing directly after each competition and training) does not exclude the possibility to get an infection from sparring partner. To characterize the skin microbial composition of wrestlers who do not have current manifestation of any skin disorders, the metagenomic analysis was performed. Absolute predominance of Bacillus genus in metagenomic profiles of wrestlers’ skin was observed in contrast with the existing literature data. Classic microbiological approaches allowed to detect hemolytic forms of microorganisms. Wrestlers’ skin appeared to be colonized with hemolytic bacilli, whereas the non-wrestler athletes did not have such bacteria on their skin. Such dysbiotic shifts in the microbial community may cause the emergence of skin diseases. Revealed properties could help to design highly effective antiseptics for the contact sports hygiene

Characterization of Dysbiotic Changes of Skin Microbiota in Contact Sports Athletes

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Contact sports athletes often suffer from various skin disorders (inflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal origin, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.) resulting in long breaks in training which ruin athletic performance. Wrestling implies intense skin-to-skin contact that creates perfect conditions for transmission of the infectious agents. Following the standard rules of hygiene (showering and handwashing directly after each competition and training) does not exclude the possibility to get an infection from sparring partner. To characterize the skin microbial composition of wrestlers who do not have current manifestation of any skin disorders, the metagenomic analysis was performed. Absolute predominance of Bacillus genus in metagenomic profiles of wrestlers’ skin was observed in contrast with the existing literature data. Classic microbiological approaches allowed to detect hemolytic forms of microorganisms. Wrestlers’ skin appeared to be colonized with hemolytic bacilli, whereas the non-wrestler athletes did not have such bacteria on their skin. Such dysbiotic shifts in the microbial community may cause the emergence of skin diseases. Revealed properties could help to design highly effective antiseptics for the contact sports hygiene

Characterization of Dysbiotic Changes of Skin Microbiota in Contact Sports Athletes

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Contact sports athletes often suffer from various skin disorders (inflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal origin, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.) resulting in long breaks in training which ruin athletic performance. Wrestling implies intense skin-to-skin contact that creates perfect conditions for transmission of the infectious agents. Following the standard rules of hygiene (showering and handwashing directly after each competition and training) does not exclude the possibility to get an infection from sparring partner. To characterize the skin microbial composition of wrestlers who do not have current manifestation of any skin disorders, the metagenomic analysis was performed. Absolute predominance of Bacillus genus in metagenomic profiles of wrestlers’ skin was observed in contrast with the existing literature data. Classic microbiological approaches allowed to detect hemolytic forms of microorganisms. Wrestlers’ skin appeared to be colonized with hemolytic bacilli, whereas the non-wrestler athletes did not have such bacteria on their skin. Such dysbiotic shifts in the microbial community may cause the emergence of skin diseases. Revealed properties could help to design highly effective antiseptics for the contact sports hygiene

SOD2 gene polymorphism and muscle damage markers in elite athletes

Exercise-induced oxidative stress is a state that primarily occurs in athletes involved in high-intensity sports when pro-oxidants overwhelm the antioxidant defense system to oxidize proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. During exercise, oxidative stress is linked to muscle metabolism and muscle damage, because exercise increases free radical production. The T allele of the Ala16Val (rs4880 C/T) polymorphism in the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene has been reported to reduce SOD2 efficiency against oxidative stress. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the SOD2 TT genotype would be underrepresented in elite athletes involved in high-intensity sports and associated with increased values of muscle and liver damage biomarkers. The study involved 2664 Caucasian (2262 Russian and 402 Polish) athletes. SOD2 genotype and allele frequencies were compared to 917 controls. Muscle and liver damage markers [creatine kinase (CK), creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were examined in serum from 1444 Russian athletes. The frequency of the SOD2 TT genotype (18.6%) was significantly lower in power/strength athletes (n = 524) compared to controls (25.0%, p = 0.0076) or athletes involved in low-intensity sports (n = 180; 33.9%, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the SOD2 T allele was significantly associated with increased activity of CK (females: p = 0.0144) and creatinine level (females: p = 0.0276; males: p = 0.0135) in athletes. Our data show that the SOD2 TT genotype might be unfavorable for high-intensity athletic events. © 2014 Informa UK, Ltd