6 research outputs found
Electrostatic Interaction on Loading of Therapeutic Peptide GLP‑1 into Porous Silicon Nanoparticles
Porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles’
tunable properties are
facilitating their use at highly challenging medical tasks such as
peptide delivery. Because of many different mechanisms that are affecting
the interaction between the peptide and the particle, the drug incorporation
into the mesoporous delivery system is not straightforward. We have
studied the adsorption and loading of incretin hormone glucagon like
peptide 1 (GLP-1) on PSi nanoparticles. The results show that the
highest loading degree can be achieved in pH values near the isoelectric
point of peptide, and the phenomenon is independent of the surface’s
zeta potential. In order to study the interaction between the peptide
and the nanoparticle, we studied the adsorption with lower concentrations
and noticed that also non-Coulombic forces have a big role in adsorption
of GLP-1. Adsorption is effective and pH-independent especially on
low peptide concentrations and onto more hydrophobic nanoparticles.
Reversibility of adsorption was studied as a function of buffer pH.
When the loading is compared to the total mass of the formulation,
the loading degree is 29%, and during desorption experiments 25% is
released in 4 h and can be considered as a reversible loading degree.
Thus, the peptides adsorbed first seem to create irreversibly adsorbed
layer that facilitates reversible adsorption of following peptides
Selective Optical Response of Hydrolytically Stable Stratified Si Rugate Mirrors to Liquid Infiltration
Stratified optical filters with distinct spectral features and layered surface chemistry were prepared on silicon substrates with stepwise anodic porosification and thermal carbonization. The use of differing parameters for successive carbonization treatments enabled the production of hydrolytically stable porous silicon-based layered optical structures where the adsorption of water to the lower layer is inhibited. This enables selective shifting of reflectance bands by means of liquid infiltration. The merit of using thermal carbonization for creating layered functionality was demonstrated by comparing the hydrolytic stability resulting from this approach to other surface chemistries available for Si. The functionality of the stratified optical structures was demonstrated under water and ethanol infiltration, and changes in the adsorption properties after 9 months of storage were evaluated. The changes observed in the structure were explained using simulations based on the transfer matrix method and the Bruggeman effective medium approximation. Scanning electron microscopy was used for imaging the morphology of the porous structure. Finally, the adaptability of the method for preparing complex structures was demonstrated by stacking superimposed rugate structures with several reflective bands
Controlled Dissolution of Griseofulvin Solid Dispersions from Electrosprayed Enteric Polymer Micromatrix Particles: Physicochemical Characterization and <i>in Vitro</i> Evaluation
The oral bioavailability
of a poorly water-soluble
drug is often inadequate for the desired therapeutic effect. The bioavailability
can be improved by enhancing the physicochemical properties
of the drug (e.g., dissolution rate, permeation across the gastrointestinal
tract). Other approach include shielding the drug from the gastric
metabolism and targeted drug release to obtain optimal drug absorption.
In this study, a poorly water-soluble model drug, griseofulvin,
was encapsulated as disordered solid dispersions into Eudragit L 100-55
enteric polymer micromatrix particles, which were produced by
electrospraying. Similar micromatrix particles were also
produced with griseofulvin-loaded thermally oxidized mesoporous
silicon (TOPSi) nanoparticles dispersed to the polymer micromatrices.
The <i>in vitro</i> drug dissolution at pH 1.2 and 6.8,
and permeation at pH 7.4 across Caco-2/HT29 cell monolayers from the
micromatrix particles, were investigated. The micromatrix
particles were found to be gastro-resistant, while at pH 6.8 the griseofulvin
was released very rapidly in a fast-dissolving form. Compared to free
griseofulvin, the permeability of encapsulated griseofulvin
across the intestinal cell monolayers was greatly improved, particularly
for the TOPSi-doped micromatrix particles. The griseofulvin
solid dispersions were stable during storage for 6 months at accelerated
conditions. Overall, the method developed here could prove to be a
useful oral drug delivery solution for improving the bioavailability
of poorly water-soluble or otherwise problematic drugs
Additional file 1: of Size, Stability, and Porosity of Mesoporous Nanoparticles Characterized with Light Scattering
Contains following supplementary materials: fabrication of porous silicon nanoparticles, fabrication of silica nanoparticles, summary of silica nanoparticles' preparation conditions, summary of log-normal fitting results, absorbance of used nanoparticles, nitrogen sorption isotherms, additional TEM graphs from silica nanoparticles, fractal dimension analysis for SLS results and Kratky plots, all the studied correlations and measured zeta potential distributions. (DOCX 11779 kb
Amine Modification of Thermally Carbonized Porous Silicon with Silane Coupling Chemistry
Thermally carbonized porous silicon (TCPSi) microparticles
were
chemically modified with organofunctional alkoxysilane molecules using
a silanization process. Before the silane coupling, the TCPSi surface
was activated by immersion in hydrofluoric acid (HF). Instead of regeneration
of the silicon hydride species, the HF immersion of silicon carbide
structure forms a silanol termination (Si–OH) on the surface
required for silanization. Subsequent functionalization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
provides the surface with an amine (−NH<sub>2</sub>) termination,
while the SiC-type layer significantly stabilizes the functionalized
structure both mechanically and chemically. The presence of terminal
amine groups was verified with FTIR, XPS, CHN analysis, and electrophoretic
mobility measurements. The overall effects of the silanization to
the morphological properties of the initial TCPSi were analyzed and
they were found to be very limited, making the treatment effects highly
predictable. The maximum obtained number of amine groups on the surface
was calculated to be 1.6 groups/nm<sup>2</sup>, corresponding to 79%
surface coverage. The availability of the amine groups for further
biofunctionalization was confirmed by successful biotinylation. The
isoelectric point (IEP) of amine-terminated TCPSi was measured to
be at pH 7.7, as opposed to pH 2.6 for untreated TCPSi. The effects
of the surface amine termination on the cell viability of Caco-2 and
HT-29 cells and on the in vitro fenofibrate release profiles were
also assessed. The results indicated that the surface modification
did not alter the loading of the drug inside the pores and also retained
the beneficial enhanced dissolution characteristics similar to TCPSi.
Cellular viability studies also showed that the surface modification
had only a limited effect on the biocompatibility of the PSi
Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Infection <i>in Vitro</i> by Saliphenylhalamide-Loaded Porous Silicon Nanoparticles
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause recurrent epidemics in humans, with serious threat of lethal worldwide pandemics. The occurrence of antiviral-resistant virus strains and the emergence of highly pathogenic influenza viruses have triggered an urgent need to develop new anti-IAV treatments. One compound found to inhibit IAV, and other virus infections, is saliphenylhalamide (SaliPhe). SaliPhe targets host vacuolar-ATPase and inhibits acidification of endosomes, a process needed for productive virus infection. The major obstacle for the further development of SaliPhe as antiviral drug has been its poor solubility. Here, we investigated the possibility to increase SaliPhe solubility by loading the compound in thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) nanoparticles. SaliPhe-loaded nanoparticles were further investigated for the ability to inhibit influenza A infection in human retinal pigment epithelium and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, and we show that upon release from THCPSi, SaliPhe inhibited IAV infection <i>in vitro</i> and reduced the amount of progeny virus in IAV-infected cells. Overall, the PSi-based nanosystem exhibited increased dissolution of the investigated anti-IAV drug SaliPhe and displayed excellent <i>in vitro</i> stability, low cytotoxicity, and remarkable reduction of viral load in the absence of organic solvents. This proof-of-principle study indicates that PSi nanoparticles could be used for efficient delivery of antivirals to infected cells