Recurrent allograft C3 glomerulonephritis and unsuccessful eculizumab treatment

There is a great lack of efficient treatments for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and recently emerged complement therapies have been proposed to be useful. We report a patient with a complement mediated MPGN having recurrencies in kidney allografts and an unsuccessful treatment with complement inhibitor, eculizumab (anti-C5 monoclonal antibody). Nephritic factor (C3Nef), an autoantibody against C3bBb, in the patient serum activated C3 but not C5 showing that major damage was mediated by C3 activation with clearly less involvement of C5 explaining unresponsiveness to eculizumab. Analyzing C3Nef-mediated C3 and C5 activation separately could help in choosing the right patients for eculizumab therapy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Epätyypillinen hemolyyttis-ureeminen oireyhtymä

English summar

Glomerulonefriitit

Vertaisarvioitu. Teema : munuaissairaudetGlomerulonefriitti on yleisnimitys taudeille, jotka vaurioittavat munuaiskeräsiä immunologisella mekanismilla. Myös geneettiset ja ympäristötekijät ovat vaikuttamassa. Se voi löytyä oireettomana sattumalöydöksenä tai osana yleisoireista tautia. Diagnoosi perustuu munuaiskoepalaan, eikä eri glomerulonefriittejä voida varmuudella erotella toisistaan kliinisin perustein. Yhteistä kaikkien glomerulonefriittien hoidolle ovat verenpaineen ja proteinurian hoito. Osa tarvitsee myös immunomoduloivaa hoitoPeer reviewe

Munuaispotilaan luustosairauden uudet hoitosuositukset

English summaryPeer reviewe

Antikoagulaatiohoito munuaisten vajaatoiminnassa

Krooninen munuaisten vajaatoiminta yleistyy. Kliinisiin lääketutkimuksiin ei yleensä oteta mukaan vaikeaa vajaatoimintaa sairastavia, joten tietoa lääkkeiden turvallisuudesta ja tehosta näillä potilailla on vähän. Potilaat ovat tavallista alttiimpia verisuonitukoksille ja vuodoille. Antikoagulaatiolääkityksen hyöty suhteessa vuotoriskiin arvioidaan yksilöllisesti mm. laboratoriotutkimuksilla. Munuaistoimintaa tulee seurata ja lääkityksiä arvioida säännöllisesti.Peer reviewe

Changes in Bone Histomorphometry after Kidney Transplantation

Background and objectives Over the past decade, the management of CKD-mineral and bone disorder has changed substantially, altering the pattern of bone disease in CKD. We aimed to evaluate the natural history of kidney bone disease in contemporary kidney transplant recipients and patients on dialysis. Design, settings, participants, & measurements Sixty one patients on dialysis who were referred to kidney transplantation participated in this prospective cohort study during November 2009 and December 2010. We performedbaseline bone biopsieswhile thepatientswere ondialysis andrepeatedthe procedure in 56 patients at 2 years after kidney transplantation or 2 years after baseline if transplantationwas not performed. Measurements of mineral metabolism and bone turnover, as well as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, were obtained concurrently. Results A total of 37 out of 56 participants received a kidney transplant, of which 27 underwent successful repeat bone biopsy. The proportion of patients with high bone turnover declined from 63% at baseline to 19% at 2 years after kidney transplantation, whereas the proportion of thosewith lowbone turnover increased from26% to 52%. Of 19 participants remaining on dialysis after 2 years, 13 underwent successful repeat biopsy. The proportion of patients remaining on dialysis with high bone turnover decreased from 69% to 31%, and low bone turnover increased from8% to 38%. Abnormal bonemineralization increased in transplant recipients from33% to 44%, but decreased in patients remaining on dialysis from 46% to 15%. Trabecular bone volume showed little change after transplantation, but low bone volume increased in patients remaining on dialysis. Bone mineral density did not correlate with histomorphometric findings. Conclusions Bone turnover decreased over time both in patients remaining on dialysis and in kidney transplant recipients. Bone mineral density and bone biomarkers were not associated with bone metabolism changes detected in bone biopsy specimens.Peer reviewe

Dialyysi uuteen toimintamalliin

HUS-piirin dialyysipotilaista noin joka neljäs hoidetaan yksityisen yrityksen dialyysipalveluissa. Sen ansiosta myös sairaanhoitopiirin rooli yksilöllisen dialyysihoidon järjestäjänä on terävöitynyt

Bone volume, mineral density, and fracture risk after kidney transplantation

BackgroundDisordered mineral metabolism reverses incompletely after kidney transplantation in numerous patients. Post-transplantation bone disease is a combination of pre-existing chronic kidney disease and mineral disorder and often evolving osteoporosis. These two frequently overlapping conditions increase the risk of post-transplantation fractures. Material and methodsWe studied the prevalence of low bone volume in bone biopsies obtained from kidney transplant recipients who were biopsied primarily due to the clinical suspicion of persistent hyperparathyroidism between 2000 and 2015 at the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa. Parameters of mineral metabolism, results of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, and the history of fractures were obtained concurrently.One hundred nine bone biopsies taken at a median of 31 (interquartile range, IQR, 18-70) months after transplantation were included in statistical analysis. Bone turnover was classified as high in 78 (72%) and normal/low in 31 (28%) patients. The prevalence of low bone volume (n = 47, 43%) was higher among patients with low/normal turnover compared to patients with high turnover [18 (58%) vs. 29 (37%), P = 0.05]. Thirty-seven fragility fractures in 23 (21%) transplant recipients corresponding to fracture incidence 15 per 1000 person-years occurred during a median follow-up 9.1 (IQR, 6.3-12.1) years. Trabecular bone volume did not correlate with incident fractures. Accordingly, low bone mineral density at the lumbar spine correlated with low trabecular bone volume, but not with incident fractures. The cumulative corticosteroid dose was an important determinant of low bone volume, but not of incident fractures. ConclusionsDespite the high prevalence of trabecular bone loss among kidney transplant recipients, the number of fractures was limited. The lack of association between trabecular bone volume and fractures suggests that the bone cortical compartment and quality are important determinants of bone strength and post-transplantation fracture.Peer reviewe

Clinical Prediction of High-Turnover Bone Disease After Kidney Transplantation

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Bone histomorphometric analysis is the most accurate method for the evaluation of bone turnover, but non-invasive tools are also required. We studied whether bone biomarkers can predict high bone turnover determined by bone histomorphometry after kidney transplantation. We retrospectively evaluated the results of bone biopsy specimens obtained from kidney transplant recipients due to the clinical suspicion of high bone turnover between 2000 and 2015. Bone biomarkers were acquired concurrently. Of 813 kidney transplant recipients, 154 (19%) biopsies were taken at a median of 28 (interquartile range, 18–70) months after engraftment. Of 114 patients included in the statistical analysis, 80 (70%) presented with high bone turnover. Normal or low bone turnover was detected in 34 patients (30%). For discriminating high bone turnover from non-high, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium had the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.704, 0.661, and 0.619, respectively. The combination of these markers performed better with an AUC of 0.775. The positive predictive value for high turnover at a predicted probability cutoff of 90% was 95% while the negative predictive value was 35%. This study concurs with previous observations that hyperparathyroidism with or without hypercalcemia does not necessarily imply high bone turnover in kidney transplant recipients. The prediction of high bone turnover can be improved by considering alkaline phosphatase levels, as presented in the logistic regression model. If bone biopsy is not readily available, this model may serve as clinically available tool in recognizing high turnover after engraftment.Peer reviewe