Modèles de domaines vitaux du pic casqué (Celeus galeatus), du pic ouentou (Dryocopus lineatus) et du pic robuste (Campephilus robustus) à Misiones, en Argentine, dans une perspective globale

Home range mapping studies of birds inform about area requirements and responses to land management as reflected by home range sizes and by resource selection within home ranges. Tracking studies of woodpeckers (Picidae) so far have been concentrated in temperate regions. In the subtropical Atlantic Forest of northeast Argentina, we assessed interspecific differences in home range sizes in old-growth forests and selectively logged forests of Helmeted Woodpecker (Celeus galeatus, a globally threatened species), Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus), and Robust Woodpecker (Campephilus robustus). Helmeted Woodpecker had larger breeding home ranges in selectively logged forests, averaging 105 ± 39 ha for pairs, versus 60 ± 13 ha in old-growth forests. Lineated Woodpecker breeding home ranges of pairs averaged 56 ± 22 ha, and those of Robust Woodpecker 43 ± 22 ha, with no differences between forest types. Helmeted Woodpeckers had an unusual separation between the home ranges of males and females in breeding pairs, with a mean area overlap of only 8% ± 9% near the nest tree, resulting in large home ranges for pairs. Helmeted Woodpecker and Robust Woodpecker individuals that were followed into the post-breeding stage had marked expansions of their home range sizes relative to breeding home ranges. To place our findings with Atlantic Forest woodpeckers in perspective we reviewed whether woodpecker home range sizes increase with latitude and body mass globally. For 29 populations of 22 woodpecker species, a power regression model with these factors explained 24.1% of variation in breeding home range sizes, with 17.1% of variation explained by latitude alone. Woodpecker species with larger home ranges than predicted values were three species of North American woodpeckers of coniferous forests, as well as the Helmeted Woodpecker. Our results of smaller home ranges in old-growth forests for the Helmeted Woodpecker affirm an association of this species with such forests. We urge the conservation of the few remaining tracts of old-growth Atlantic Forest and more restoration of logged forests to mature conditions.Les études de cartographie des domaines vitaux des oiseaux informent au sujet des exigences territoriales et des réponses à la gestion des terres telles qu’elles sont reflétées par la taille des domaines vitaux et par la sélection des ressources au sein des domaines vitaux. Les études de suivi portant sur les pics (Picidae) se sont jusqu’à présent concentrées sur les régions tempérées. Dans la forêt atlantique subtropicale du nord-est de l’Argentine, nous avons évalué les différences interspécifiques en termes de taille du domaine vital dans les forêts anciennes et les forêts exploitées de manière sélective du pic casqué (Celeus galeatus, une espèce menacée à l’échelle mondiale), du pic ouentou (Dryocopus lineatus) et du pic robuste (Campephilus robustus). Le pic casqué présentait un domaine de reproduction plus étendu dans les forêts exploitées de manière sélective, avec en moyenne 105 ± 39 ha pour les couples, contre 60 ± 13 ha dans les forêts anciennes. Les domaines de reproduction du pic ouentou pour les couples étaient en moyenne de 56 ± 22 ha, alors qu'ils étaient de 43 ± 22 ha pour le pic robuste, quel que soit le type de forêt. Chez les pics casqués, on constate une séparation inhabituelle entre les domaines vitaux des mâles et des femelles des couples reproducteurs, avec un chevauchement moyen de ces zones de seulement 8 à 9 % à proximité de l’arbre où se trouve le nid, de sorte que le domaine vital des couples est très étendu. Les pics casqués et les pics robustes individuels qui ont été suivis au cours de la phase post-reproduction présentaient des extensions nettes de la taille de leur domaine vital par rapport à celle de leur domaine de reproduction. Pour mettre en perspective nos résultats concernant les pics de la forêt atlantique, nous avons essayé de savoir si la taille du domaine vital des pics augmente avec la latitude et la masse corporelle à l’échelle mondiale. Pour 29 populations de 22 espèces de pics, un modèle de régression de puissance prenant en compte ces facteurs a expliqué la variation de 24,1 % de la taille des domaines de reproduction, une variation de 17,1 % étant expliquée par la seule latitude. Les espèces de pics possédant des domaines vitaux plus étendus que les valeurs prévues étaient trois espèces de pics nord-américains habitant les forêts de conifères, ainsi que le pic casqué. Nos résultats concernant les domaines vitaux plus petits dans les forêts anciennes pour le pic casqué confirment l’association de cette espèce avec ces forêts. Nous incitons à la conservation des quelques territoires restants de forêt atlantique ancienne et à une restauration supérieure des forêts exploitées jusqu’à maturité.Fil: Lammertink, J. Martjan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Fernández, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentin

Comparison of nesting ecology of three co-existing Atlantic Forest woodpeckers reveals narrow specialization in the Helmeted Woodpecker Celeus galeatus

The Atlantic Forest in southeastern South America is a biodiversity hotspot with high species richness and high forest loss. Three large to medium-sized woodpecker species (Robust Woodpecker Campephilus robustus, Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus, and the globally threatened Helmeted Woodpecker Celeus galeatus) coexist in the south of the ecoregion, and show remarkable convergence in plumage patterns and colouration, possibly driven by interspecific interactions. We assessed differentiation in nest tree species, nest substrates, and timing of breeding and evaluated whether nesting ecology may be a factor explaining an association with mature forests in the Helmeted Woodpecker. Robust and Lineated Woodpeckers excavated cavities in nine and eight nest tree species, respectively, whereas Helmeted Woodpeckers specialized narrowly on laurel trees (88% of nest cavities in two species in genus Nectandra of 52 ± 14 cm DBH). Helmeted Woodpecker is further distinguished by a more frequent use of living, partially decayed trees and by more frequent re-use of nest cavities. When nesting in selectively logged forest (vs. old-growth), Robust and Lineated Woodpeckers used trees with smaller DBH and Robust Woodpeckers excavated lower in trees. Helmeted Woodpeckers selected nest trees with similar dimensions in both environments, indicating lesser flexibility. Helmeted Woodpeckers bred 20-23 days later in the year than Lineated and Robust Woodpeckers, potentially allowing them to avoid nesting near the two larger species. The narrow specialization of Helmeted Woodpecker on nesting in Nectandra trees of large sizes at the onset of decay is a possible factor in making it sensitive to selective logging effects. To stop declines of Helmeted Woodpecker we recommend (1) sparing large trees from selective logging (including Nectandra and tree species used for roosting), and (2) restoring more forested areas to mature forest conditions.Fil: Lammertink, J. Martjan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentina. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Cockle, Kristina Louise. University of British Columbia; Canadá. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

NESTING AND SOCIAL ROOSTING OF THE OCHRE-COLLARED PICULET (PICUMNUS TEMMINCKII) AND WHITE-BARRED PICULET (PICUMNUS CIRRATUS), AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF WOODPECKER (PICIDAE) BREEDING BIOLOGY

To understand the evolution of reproductive strategies and social behavior in woodpeckers (Picidae), it is useful to compare breeding biology between the two largest subfamilies: Picinae (true woodpeckers) and Picumninae (piculets). The piculets include four species in the Old World (Sasia, Verreauxia, and Picumnus spp.) and a recent radiation of 25 Picumnus spp. in the Neotropics; however, information about their breeding biology is limited. We studied four nests and one roost of the Ochre-collared Piculet (Picumnus temminckii) in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones and eight nests of the White-barred Piculet (Picumnus cirratus) in the Chaco region, of Argentina, and reviewed the published literature on other species of Picumnus. Cavities were excavated in dead branches and tree trunks. Entrance diameters were 2.2 ± 0.2 cm (mean ± SE) for the Ochre-collared Piculet and 2.5 ± 0.1 cm for the White-barred Piculet. In both species, both parents excavated cavities, incubated eggs, fed nestlings, and maintained the cavity clean of feces. In the Ochre-collared Piculet, incubation lasted 13 days, on-bouts were 42 ± 4 (± SE) min for females and 48 ± 7 min for males, and nest attentiveness was nearly 100% during incubation and the first 10 days after hatching. Nestling Ochre-collared Piculets hatched without feathers, their eyes and pin feathers opened on day 13, and they fledged on days 26 and 27. Nestlings of both species were fed ant larvae and other small prey. In Ochre-collared Piculets, the rate of food delivery (especially by the female) increased with nestling age. Females removed 71% and males 29% of fecal sacs. Fledgling Picumnus have dark crowns and look like adult females, which is different from Sasia, Verreauxia, and most Picinae. Unlike Picinae, Picumnus parents roost together in their nest cavity before laying, throughout nesting, and (accompanied by their offspring) after fledging. They also roost in pairs or groups when not breeding. If Old World piculets also roost socially, this trait may reflect an ancestral condition of the woodpeckers

Nidificación y pernocte social del Carpinterito Cuello Canela (Picumnus temminckii) y Carpinterito Común (Picumnus cirratus), e implicaciones para la evolución de la biología reproductiva de los pájaros carpinteros (Picidae)

To understand the evolution of reproductive strategies and social behavior in woodpeckers(Picidae), it is useful to compare breeding biology between the two largest subfamilies: Picinae (truewoodpeckers) and Picumninae (piculets). The piculets include four species in the Old World (Sasia, Verreauxia,and Picumnus spp.) and a recent radiation of 25 Picumnus spp. in the Neotropics; however,information about their breeding biology is limited. We studied four nests and one roost of the Ochre-collaredPiculet (Picumnus temminckii) in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones and eight nests of the White-barredPiculet (Picumnus cirratus) in the Chaco region, of Argentina, and reviewed the published literature onother species of Picumnus. Cavities were excavated in dead branches and tree trunks. Entrance diameterswere 2.2 ± 0.2 cm (mean ± SE) for the Ochre-collared Piculet and 2.5 ± 0.1 cm for the White-barredPiculet. In both species, both parents excavated cavities, incubated eggs, fed nestlings, and maintainedthe cavity clean of feces. In the Ochre-collared Piculet, incubation lasted 13 days, on-bouts were 42 ± 4(± SE) min for females and 48 ± 7 min for males, and nest attentiveness was nearly 100% during incubationand the first 10 days after hatching. Nestling Ochre-collared Piculets hatched without feathers, theireyes and pin feathers opened on day 13, and they fledged on days 26 and 27. Nestlings of both specieswere fed ant larvae and other small prey. In Ochre-collared Piculets, the rate of food delivery (especiallyby the female) increased with nestling age. Females removed 71% and males 29% of fecal sacs. FledglingPicumnus have dark crowns and look like adult females, which is different from Sasia, Verreauxia,and most Picinae. Unlike Picinae, Picumnus parents roost together in their nest cavity before laying,throughout nesting, and (accompanied by their offspring) after fledging. They also roost in pairs or groupswhen not breeding. If Old World piculets also roost socially, this trait may reflect an ancestral condition ofthe woodpeckers.Para entender la evolución de las estrategias reproductivas y del comportamiento social en los pájaros carpinteros (Picidae), es útil comparar la biología reproductiva entre las dos mayores subfamilias: Picinae (verdaderos pájaros carpinteros) y Picumninae (carpinteritos). Picumninae incluye cuatro especies del viejo mundo (Sasia, Verreauxia, y Picumnus spp.) y una radiación reciente de 25 especies de Picumnus en el Neotrópico; sin embargo, es limitada la información sobre su biología reproductiva. Estudiamos cuatro nidos y un pernocte de Carpinterito Cuello Canela (Picumnus temminckii) en la Selva Atlántica y ocho nidos de Carpinterito Común (Picumnus cirratus) en la región Chaqueña, de Argentina, y revisamos la literatura publicada sobre otras especies de Picumnus. Las cavidades fueron excavadas en ramas y troncos secos de árboles. El diámetro de su entrada era 2,2 ± 0,2 cm (media ± EE) para el Carpinterito Cuello Canela y 2,5 ± 0,1 cm para el Carpinterito Común. En ambas especies, macho y hembra excavaron las cavidades, incubaron los huevos, alimentaron los pichones y mantuvieron la cavidad limpia de heces. En el Carpinterito Cuello Canela, el período de incubación duró 13 días, los turnos de incubación duraron 42 ± 4 min (± EE) para hembras y 48 ± 7 min para machos, y la atención en el nido fue casi 100% durante la incubación y los primeros 10 días después del nacimiento de los pichones. Los pichones de Carpinterito Cuello Canela nacieron sin plumas; sus ojos y los canutos en las alas abrieron el día 13, y volaron los días 26 y 27. Los pichones de ambas especies fueron alimentados con larvas de hormigas y otras presas pequeñas. En el Carpinterito Cuello Canela, la tasa de entrega de alimentos (especialmente por la hembra) aumentó con la edad de los pichones. Las hembras extrajeron el 71% de los sacos fecales y los machos 29%. Los volantones de Picumnus tienen corona oscura y se parecen a las hembras adultas, lo que los diferencia de Sasia, Verreauxia, y la mayoría de los Picinae. A diferencia de los Picinae, los padres de Picumnus duermen juntos en su cavidad nido antes de la puesta, a lo largo de la anidación, y (acompañados de sus crías) después de que vuelan los pichones. También pernoctan en parejas o grupos cuando no están criando. Si los carpinteritos del viejo mundo también pernoctan en grupos, el rasgo puede reflejar una condición ancestral de los pájaros carpinteros.Fil: Bodrati, Alejandro. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Cockle, Kristina Louise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina. LSU AgCenter; Estados Unidos. University of British Columbia; CanadáFil: Di Sallo, Facundo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Carlos. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; ArgentinaFil: Salvador, Sergio A.. No especifíca;Fil: Lammertink, J. Martjan. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina. Proyecto Selva de Pino Paraná; Argentina. Cornell University; Estados Unido

Latitude does not influence cavity entrance orientation of South American avian excavators

In the Northern Hemisphere, several avian cavity excavators (e.g., woodpeckers) orient their cavities increasingly toward the equator as latitude increases (i.e., farther north), and it is proposed that they do so to take advantage of incident solar radiation at their nests. If latitude is a key driver of cavity orientations globally, this pattern should extend to the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we test the prediction that cavities are oriented increasingly northward at higher (i.e., colder) latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and describe the preferred entrance direction(s) of 1501 cavities excavated by 25 avian species (n = 22 Picidae, 2 Trogonidae, 1 Furnariidae) across 12 terrestrial ecoregions (15°S ? 55°S) in South America. We used Bayesian projected normal mixed-effects models for circular data to examine the influence of latitude, and potential confounding factors, on cavity orientation. Also, a probability model selection procedure was used to simultaneously examine multiple orientation hypotheses in each ecoregion, to explore underlying cavity-orientation patterns. Contrary to predictions, and patterns from the Northern Hemisphere, birds did not orient their cavities more toward the equator with increasing latitude, suggesting that latitude may not be an important underlying selective force shaping excavation behavior in South America. Moreover, unimodal cavity-entrance orientations were not frequent among the ecoregions analyzed (infour ecoregions), whereas bimodal (in five ecoregions) or uniform (in three ecoregions) werealso common, although many of these patterns were not very sharp. Our results highlight the need to include data from under-studied biotas and regions to improve inferences at macroecology scales. Furthermore, we suggest a re-analysis of Northern Hemisphere cavity orientation patterns using a multimodel approach, and a more comprehensive assessment of the role of environmental factors as drivers of cavity orientation at different spatial scales in both hemispheres.Fil: Ojeda, Valeria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Schaaf, Alejandro Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Altamirano, Tatiana Edith. University of British Columbia; CanadáFil: Bonaparte, Eugenia Bianca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Bragagnolo, Laura Araceli. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Chazarreta, L.. Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrallo Sustentable de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Cockle, Kristina Louise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Dias, R.. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Di Sallo, Facundo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Ibarra, T.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Ippi, Silvina Graciela. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Jauregui, Adrian. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Área Zoología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Jimenez, Jaime E.. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Lammertink, J. Martjan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, F.. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez Montellano, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: de la Peña, Martín. No especifíca;Fil: Rivera, Luis Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Vivanco, Constanza Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Santillán, Miguel. Museo de Historia Natural de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Soto, G.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Vergara, P.. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; ChileFil: Politi, Natalia. University of North Texas; Estados Unido

Group roosting in the Grey-and-buff Woodpecker Hemicircus concretus involving large numbers of shallow cavities

Volume: 27Start Page: 73End Page: 7

Trends in Threat Status and Priorities in Conservation of the Woodpeckers of the World

Taking the first IUCN Red List from 1988 as a starting point, I review trends in the threat status of the woodpecker species of the world, the geographical distribution of (near-) threatened woodpecker species, threat factors affecting these species, and the research output about them. Between 1988 and 2013 the number of genuinely Red Listed woodpeckers (categories Near Threatened and up) increased from 20 to 28 species and the number of species in the categories Vulnerable and up from 8 to 12. As percentage of recognised woodpecker species in the different years, the increase in Red Listed woodpecker species was even sharper. The geographical distribution of Red Listed woodpeckers stayed constant between 1988 and 2013, with over half of the species in Latin America, about one quarter in Asia, and none in Europe. A taxonomic reappraisal adopted by IUCN in 2014 raised the total number of recognised woodpecker species to 254 and of Red Listed woodpecker species to 42, of which 40% occur in Asia. Nearly all Red Listed woodpecker species on the 2013 list are threatened by deforestation. Out of 28 species, 10 are also threatened by selective logging, and these 10 are in higher threat categories. Woodpecker conservation research should focus in particular on the species sensitive to selective logging, to assess their within-habitat requirements and thresholds. The output of research on Red Listed woodpeckers in the past 25 years was heavily skewed to three North American species: Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Red-cockaded Woodpecker Picoides borealis and Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis. I identify 10 priority species to focus woodpecker conservation research on, four from Latin America: Speckle-chested Piculet Picumnus steindachneri, Fernandina's Flicker Colaptes fernandinae, Black-bodied Woodpecker Dryocopus schulzi, Helmeted Woodpecker Dryocopus galeatus; and six from Asia: Okinawa Woodpecker Dendrocopos noguchii, Korean White-bellied Woodpecker Dryocopus richardsi, Great Slaty Woodpecker Mulleripicus pulverulentus, Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri, Yellow-faced Flameback Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus and Whiterumped Woodpecker Meiglyptes tristisFil: Lammertink, J. Martjan. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina. Cornell University; Estados Unido

Home range patterns of Helmeted Woodpecker (Celeus galeatus), Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus), and Robust Woodpecker (Campephilus robustus) in Misiones, Argentina, in a global perspective

Home range mapping studies of birds inform about area requirements and responses to land management as reflected by home range sizes and by resource selection within home ranges. Tracking studies of woodpeckers (Picidae) so far have been concentrated in temperate regions. In the subtropical Atlantic Forest of northeast Argentina, we assessed interspecific differences in home range sizes in old-growth forests and selectively logged forests of Helmeted Woodpecker (Celeus galeatus, a globally threatened species), Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus), and Robust Woodpecker (Campephilus robustus). Helmeted Woodpecker had larger breeding home ranges in selectively logged forests, averaging 105 ± 39 ha for pairs, versus 60 ± 13 ha in old-growth forests. Lineated Woodpecker breeding home ranges of pairs averaged 56 ± 22 ha, and those of Robust Woodpecker 43 ± 22 ha, with no differences between forest types. Helmeted Woodpeckers had an unusual separation between the home ranges of males and females in breeding pairs, with a mean area overlap of only 8% ± 9% near the nest tree, resulting in large home ranges for pairs. Helmeted Woodpecker and Robust Woodpecker individuals that were followed into the post-breeding stage had marked expansions of their home range sizes relative to breeding home ranges. To place our findings with Atlantic Forest woodpeckers in perspective we reviewed whether woodpecker home range sizes increase with latitude and body mass globally. For 29 populations of 22 woodpecker species, a power regression model with these factors explained 24.1% of variation in breeding home range sizes, with 17.1% of variation explained by latitude alone. Woodpecker species with larger home ranges than predicted values were three species of North American woodpeckers of coniferous forests, as well as the Helmeted Woodpecker. Our results of smaller home ranges in old-growth forests for the Helmeted Woodpecker affirm an association of this species with such forests. We urge the conservation of the few remaining tracts of old-growth Atlantic Forest and more restoration of logged forests to mature conditions

Notes on a population of ocellated crake (Micropygia schomburgkii) in Misiones province: a new rail for Argentina

The Ocellated Crake (Micropygia schomburgkii) is a poorly known species with a scattered distribution in Central and South America, linked to sites with tall grass vegetation in grasslands and savannas. The species was not previously known to occur in Argentina. We report on a population of Ocellated Crakes in the Campo San Juan protected area, southern Misiones province, Argentina, 365 km south from the nearest known occupied location in eastern Paraguay. We found 18 individuals in seven territories in this reserve in summer of 2020 and estimate a population of ~ 117 individuals in the reserve. The Ocellated Crake was detected in grassland on slopes and crests of rolling hills with dry, rocky soil with no nearby water. It was only found in grassland patches where cattle grazing was excluded for 6 years and where recent fires cleared successional shrubs and trees. It was not detected in grassland patches with absence of recent fires and presence of successional plants. We recommend active fire management with periodic burns in the reserve and additional searches for sites with Ocellated Crakes.Fil: Bodrati, Alejandro. No especifíca;Fil: Lammertink, J. Martjan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Cornell University; Estados Unido