115 Vernon: The Writing Associates Journal, Vol.1, No.1

Table of Contents: 2. Nevvs and Notes ... . Head Tutors 2002-03 Dorothy Francoeur \u2704 Erica Martinson \u2703 3 Thoughts on Writing ....... Maggie Kagan \u2703 4 Entropy .. . Sean Hojnacki \u2705 5 Baby, You\u27re the Write Kind of Wrong ......... Erica Martinson \u2703 7 Some Thoughts on Diversity .... Matt Barison \u2704 9 Musings on Memorials .... Dorothy Francoeur \u2704 10 The Letter. .. Diana Potter \u2703 11 Confession# 9 .... Dorothy Francoeur \u2704 12 The Writing Centerfold .................... Diana Potter \u2703 Sean Hojnacki \u27O5 14 My True Voice .... Emily Foote \u2705 17 Five Pages about a Pirate ..... Diana Potter \u2703 22 Professor Voices..... Irene Papoulis, English Susan Pennybacker, Histor

A Cross Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Preputial and Penile Scrotal Abnormalities among Clients Undergoing Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Soweto, South Africa.

Medical device use is currently approved for males without preputial or major penile scrotal abnormalities for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). We determined the prevalence of preputial abnormalities at a busy VMMC centre in Soweto, South Africa.This was a cross-sectional record review at a high-volume VMMC centre in South Africa. We collated pre-circumcision demographic and genital examination findings from clients 8 years and older who had undergone VMMC from 01 May 2013 to 30 April 2014. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with preputial abnormalities.During the review period, 6861 circumcisions were conducted and 37.1% (n = 2543) were 8-13 year olds. Median age was 15 years (IQR: 12-23 years). Fifteen percent (n = 1030) had preputial abnormalities or major penile scrotal abnormalities. Age-specific prevalence of preputial or major genital abnormalities were 27.3%, 10.6% and 6.0% in 8-13, 14-18 and > 18 year olds respectively. The odds of preputial or major penile scrotal abnormality were higher in younger clients aged 8-13 years (OR = 5.9; 95% CI = 4.8-7.1) and 14-18 years (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.5-2.4) compared to older clients above18 years and in those testing for HIV outside our clinic network (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.4-2.7).The high prevalence of preputial and penile scrotal abnormalities observed suggests a need for VMMC sites to provide for both open surgical and devices methods in the provision of VMMC services. This is especially so among young male subjects presenting themselves for VMMC services at the various sites being developed in sub Saharan African countries

Characteristics of clients who presented for VMMC by age in Soweto.

<p>Characteristics of clients who presented for VMMC by age in Soweto.</p

Factors associated with genital abnormality in Soweto.

<p>Factors associated with genital abnormality in Soweto.</p

Overall distribution of genital abnormalities.

<p>Overall distribution of genital abnormalities.</p

Distribution of complete coronal adhesions by age.

<p>Distribution of complete coronal adhesions by age.</p

Real-Time Observation of Atomic Layer Deposition Inhibition: Metal Oxide Growth on Self-Assembled Alkanethiols

Through in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) monitoring, we resolve the growth of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and subsequent metal oxide deposition with high resolution. We introduce the fitting of mass deposited during each atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycle to an analytical island-growth model that enables quantification of growth inhibition, nucleation density, and the uninhibited ALD growth rate. A long-chain alkanethiol was self-assembled as a monolayer on gold-coated quartz crystals in order to investigate its effectiveness as a barrier to ALD. Compared to solution-loading, vapor-loading is observed to produce a SAM with equal or greater inhibition ability in minutes vs days. The metal oxide growth temperature and the choice of precursor also significantly affect the nucleation density, which ranges from 0.001 to 1 sites/nm². Finally, we observe a minimum 100 cycle inhibition of an oxide ALD process, ZnO, under moderately optimized conditions