APINHAMENTO DENTÁRIO EM ESCOLARES DE 7 A 15 ANOS DE IDADE EM SÃO LUIS, MARANHÃO / DENTAL CROWDING IN STUDENTS FROM 7 TO 12 YEARS OF AGE IN SÃO LUÍS, MARANHÃO

Introdução: O Apinhamento Dentário (AD) é caracterizado como a discrepância entre o espaço requerido e o espaço presente no arco dentário. Estudos mostram que é o tipo de má oclusão mais presente no Brasil e no mundo. Além de proporcionar uma estética ruim, favorece o aparecimento de cárie edoenças na gengiva. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de AD em escolares de São Luís (MA), avaliando os fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal, utilizando-se um questionário como instrumento para coleta de dados. Realizou-se documentação fotográfica padronizada nos escolares para avaliação da presença de AD. As tomadas fotográficas foram efetuadas por três examinadores previamente treinados, consistindo em fotos digitais intraorais e extraorais. Para as avaliações estatísticas, empregou-se o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Dos 251 alunos avaliados, 53.25% apresentaram AD em pelo menos um dos arcos dentários, sendo mais prevalente no arco inferior (28.45%). Evidenciou-se que o AD foi mais comum entre estudantesna faixa etária de 12 a 15 anos, se comparados àqueles com idade de 6 a 11 anos (p=0,034). Para as demais variáveis, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes na distribuição desta má oclusão. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a prevalência de AD nas dentaduras mista e permanente dos escolares examinados em São Luís (MA) foi alta, sendo mais comum no arco inferior e nas crianças/jovens entre 12 e 15 anos.Palavras-chave: Má oclusão. Prevalência. Dentição mista.AbstractIntroduction: Dental Crowding is characterized as the discrepancy between the space required and the space available in the dental arch. Studies have shown that dental crowding is the most prevalent malocclusion in Brazil and in the world. In addition to the unfavorable effect on esthetics, dental crowding favors the appearance of caries and periodontal diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dental crowding in students from São Luís, MA, Brazil, by evaluating the factors associated to this condition. Methods: We developed a cross sectional study using a questionnaire as a tool for data collection. We used standardized photographic documentation in all students in order to assess the presence of dental crowding. The photos were taken by three previously trained examiners. These photos consisted of extraoral and intraoral digital photos. For statistical analysis, we used the Pearson's chi-square test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Of the 251 students assessed, 53.25% had crowded teeth in at least one of the dental arches, being more prevalent in the lower arch (28.45%). It was noticed that dental crowding was more common among students from the age group of 12 to 15 years compared to those with 6 to 11 years (p = 0.034). For the other variables, we did not observe statistically significant differences in the distribution of this malocclusion. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dental crowding in mixed and permanent dentition of all the students that took part of this study, being more common on the lower arch and in kids/young people from 12 to 15 years of age.Keywords: Malocclusion. Prevalence. Mixed Dentition

Progress and challenges in potential access to oral health primary care services in Brazil: A population-based panel study with latent transition analysis.

ObjectiveCompared indicators of potential access to oral health services sought in two cycles of the Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), verifying whether the program generated changes in access to oral health services.MethodsTransitional analysis of latent classes was used to analyze two cross-sections of the external evaluation of the PMAQ-AB (Cycle I: 2011-2012 and Cycle II: 2013-2014), identifying completeness classes for a structure and work process related to oral health. Consider three indicators of structure (presence of a dental surgeon, existence of a dental office and operating at minimum hours) and five of the work process (scheduling every day of the week, home visits, basic dental procedures, scheduling for spontaneous demand and continuation of treatment). Choropleth maps and hotspots were made.ResultsThe proportion of elements that had one or more dentist (CD), dental office and operated at minimum hours varied from 65.56% to 67.13 between the two cycles of the PMAQ-AB. The number of teams that made appointments every day of the week increased 8.7% and those that made home visits varied from 44.51% to 52.88%. The reduction in the number of teams that reported guaranteeing the agenda for accommodating spontaneous demand, varying from 62.41% to 60.11% and in the continuity of treatment, varying from 63.41% to 61.11%. For the structure of health requirements, the predominant completeness profile was "Best completeness" in both cycles, comprising 71.0% of the sets at time 1 and 67.0% at time 2. The proportion of teams with "Best completeness" increased by 89.1%, the one with "Worst completeness" increased by 20%, while those with "Average completeness" decreased by 66.3%.ConclusionWe identified positive changes in the indicators of potential access to oral health services, expanding the users' ability to use them. However, some access attributes remain unsatisfactory, with organizational barriers persisting