MODELAGEM DO FENÔMENO DE TRANSFERÊNCIA DE MASSA NA HIDRATAÇÃO DO CEREAL MATINAL

The crunchiness of the morning cereal is associated with product quality and is of paramount importance among its sensorial characteristics. The process of hydration which it usually suffers before being ingested may cause changes in this characteristic and some factors such as amount of available fluid, temperature and time of hydration directly affect this process. The objective of the study was to use empirical models (1st Order Kinetic and Exponential) in order to evaluate the hydration parameters of a milk cereal hydrated with milk. The hydration occurred in 3 proportions, 3 temperatures and during 2 hours, being analyzed samples of this cereal and the milk every 15 minutes of hydration. From the empirical models, the exponential model was the one that best described the hydration kinetics. However, none of the two models showed satisfactory adjustment parameters, making it necessary to use another model that best fits the experimental data.A crocância do cereal matinal está associada a qualidade do produto e é de suma importância dentre suas características sensoriais. O processo de hidratação o qual ele geralmente sofre antes de ser ingerido, pode ocasionar alterações nesta característica e alguns fatores como, quantidade de fluido disponível, temperatura e tempo de hidratação afetam diretamente esse processo.  O objetivo do trabalho foi utilizar modelos empíricos (Cinético de 1ª Ordem e Exponencial) afim de avaliar os parâmetros de hidratação de um cereal matinal hidratado com leite. A hidratação ocorreu em 3 proporções, 3 temperaturas e durante 2 horas, sendo analisadas amostras desse cereal e do leite a cada 15 minutos de hidratação. Dos modelos empíricos, o modelo exponencial foi o que melhor descreveu a cinética de hidratação, porém, nenhum dos dois modelos utilizados mostraram parâmetros de ajustes tão satisfatórios, fazendo necessário o uso de outro modelo que melhor se ajuste aos dados experimentais

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF POST-NEONATAL MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH AVOIDABLE CAUSES IN PALMAS, TOCANTINS AND BRAZIL

A mortalidade infantil, em especial a pós neonatal, é um sensível indicador da qualidade de vida de uma população. Objetivou-se apresentar o coeficiente de mortalidade pós neonatal de Palmas, Tocantins e Brasil, no triênio 2014-2016 e expor as principais causas evitáveis desses óbitos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório que analisa dados públicos disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Os resultados apresentaram como principais fatores vinculados a mortalidade pós neonatal a deficiência no diagnóstico e tratamento, em ações de promoção vinculadas a atenção primária, na atenção ao recém-nascido (RN), a gestação e ao parto, e imunizações. Encontrou-se uma redução significativa da mortalidade em Palmas-TO, o oposto dos panoramas Estadual e Nacional. As taxas de mortalidade apresentaram variações. Palmas e Tocantins aumentaram seu valor de 2014 (1,55/1.000 nascidos vivos (NV) e 2,00/1.000 NV, respectivamente) para 2015 (2,30/1.000 NV e 2,07/1.000 NV, respectivamente) e reduziram de 2015 para 2016 (1,34/1.000 NV e 2,06/1.000 NV, respectivamente); o Brasil reduziu seu valor de 2014 (2,05/1.000 NV) para 2015 (1,88/1.000 NV) e aumentou de 2015 para 2016 (2,21/1000 NV). Foi possível concluir que a capacitação e atualização dos profissionais seriam a chave para maior integração com a comunidade, melhoria nos atendimentos, diagnósticos precisos e atuação precoce nas patologias vinculadas à saúde materno-infantil.Infant mortality, especially post neonatal mortality, is a sensitive indicator of the quality of life of a population. The objective of this study was to present the post-neonatal mortality coefficient of Palmas, Tocantins and Brazil in the 2014-2016 triennium and to present the main avoidable causes of these deaths. It is an exploratory descriptive study that analyzes public data provided by the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). The results showed a significative reduction of the mortalities in Palmas-TO, the opposite of the State and National scenarios. Mortality rates presented variations, Palmas and Tocantins increased their value from 2014 (1,55/1000 born lives (BL) and 2,00/1000 BL respectively) to 2015 (2,30/1000 BL and 2,07/1000 BL respectively) and reduced from 2015 to 2016 (1,34/1000 BL and 2,06/1000 BL respectively); Brazil reduced its value from 2014 (2,05/1000 BL) to 2015 (1,88/1000 BL) and increased from 2015 to 2016 (2,21/1000 BL). It was identified that the decline in the absolute number of deaths in Palmas-TO is due to actions of health promotion, diagnosis and treatment and attention to gestation. Thus, the local decline in mortality is linked to early diagnosis, quality of care, access to primary health services and the availability of these services at the national level, associated with integral management mechanisms for maternal and child health

Phosphate and calcium effects on the heat-denaturation of whey proteins and on the fouling mass deposited onto the surface of a heat exchanger surface.

Fouling of plate heat exchanger surfaces during dairy processing promotes a negative impact on the industrial operation efficiency. The most important compounds of the deposits on the exchange surface are minerals (mainly calcium and phosphate) and also heat-sensitive whey proteins, β-Lactoglobulin being considered as a precursor in the formation of proteinaceous fouling deposits. Today the molecular interactions between minerals and whey proteins in the mechanism of deposit build-up are not well understood. In this study, the kinetics of β-Lactoglobulin denaturation, the structure of the particles formed as well as the amount of deposit onto the surface of a plate heat exchanger were assessed by heating model fouling fluids (whey protein isolates at 0.5 wt. %, containing various amounts of calcium and phosphate) at a temperature ranging from 75 to 95ºC. Whatever the concentration of calcium and phosphate, the denaturation kinetics of β-Lactoglobulin was best fitted using an overall reaction order equal to n=1.5. The β-Lactoglobulin denaturation rate constant was maximum in solution at a higher calcium concentration and was lowered at an increased concentration of phosphate. Additionally, for ionic conditions leading to a similar heat-denaturation rate constant of β-Lactoglobulin, the size of the formed particles was smaller in fouling fluids containing a higher amount of phosphate below around 90°C. This could be well analyzed regarding the amount and structure of the fouling deposit