Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

A colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica pode ser realizada com segurança em caráter ambulatorial

RACIONAL: A colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada é técnica efetiva no manejo das doenças biliopancreáticas. A segurança da realização do exame em ambulatório tem sido alvo de estudo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a segurança da realização da colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada em ambulatório e descrever as complicações do exame. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Acompanharam-se, prospectivamente, pacientes ambulatoriais encaminhados para colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada durante o período de 2001 a 2003. Complicações foram definidas segundo critérios de consenso, incluindo todos os efeitos adversos relacionados ao exame. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 195 colangiopancreatografias endoscópicas retrógradas, 79 (40,5%) diagnósticas e 116 (59,5%) terapêuticas. O grupo incluiu 112 mulheres, com média de idade de 51 anos (±18,9). Os diagnósticos encontrados mais freqüentemente foram: cálculo biliar (30,2%), estenose benigna (13,8%), neoplasia (10,2%) e pancreatite crônica (10,2%). Obteve-se sucesso em 88,6% dos exames diagnósticos e 78,5% dos terapêuticos. Dos 195 pacientes, 10 (5,1%) necessitaram de observação, dentre os quais 7 (3,6%) foram internados, (2 pacientes com pancreatite aguda, 2 com perfurações, 1 com hemorragia, 1 com complicação cardiorespiratória e 1 com febre). Dos 188 casos liberados após o exame, 8 (4,2%) foram readmitidos (1 pancreatite aguda, 1 hemorragia, 1 perfuração, 3 colangite, 2 dor abdominal). Ao comparar o grupo das complicações identificadas imediatamente contra o segundo, não se encontrou diferença estatisticamente significante quanto à idade, sexo, diagnóstico e/ou grau de dificuldade do exame. CONCLUSÃO: O tamanho da amostra e os resultados negativos da análise estatística impediram a determinação de fatores de risco, independentes para complicações pós- colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada. Contudo, não houve nenhum óbito ou complicações com má evolução nos pacientes inicialmente liberados, confirmando a segurança na realização da colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada em ambulatório

SAFETY OF MANNITOL USE IN BOWEL PREPARATION: a prospective assessment of intestinal methane (CH4) levels during colonoscopy after mannitol and sodium phosphate (NaP) bowel cleansing

ABSTRACT Background - Adequate bowel preparation is critical for the quality of colonoscopy. Despite reported occurrence of colonic explosion due to methane and hydrogen production by bacterial fermentation during colonoscopy, gas exchange during the procedure is believed to be effective in lowering existing methane concentration, allowing for safe utilization of mannitol for bowel preparation. Thus, mannitol is widely used for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy, considering its low cost and effectiveness for bowel preparation. Objective - The aim of this study was to assess the safety of mannitol for bowel preparation, when compared to sodium phosphate (NaP). Methods - We conducted a prospective observational study in which 250 patients undergoing colonoscopy at Universidade Federal de São Paulo and Hospital Albert Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil) were approached for inclusion in the study. Patients received either mannitol (n=50) or NaP (n=200) for bowel preparation, based on physician indication. Study was conducted from August 2009 to December 2009. The main outcome of interest was presence of detectable levels of methane (CH4) during colonoscopy and reduction in such levels after gas exchange during the procedure. Methane concentrations were measured in three intestinal segments during scope introduction and withdrawal. Safety was assessed as the absence of high levels of methane, defined as 5%. Measurements were made using a multi-gas monitor (X-am 7000, Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA, Lübeck, Germany) connected to a plastic catheter introduced into the working channel of the colonoscope. Additional outcomes of interest included levels of O2. Methane and O2 levels are reported as ppm. Mean, difference and standard deviation of levels of gas measured in both moments were calculated and compared in both groups. Proportions of patients with detectable or high levels of methane in both groups were compared. Continuous variables were analyzed using t test and categorical variables using qui-square tests. The Ethics Committee in both study sites approved the study protocol. Results - Patients in both groups were similar regarding demographics, colonoscopy indication, ASA status and quality of bowel preparation. Seven (3.5%) patients in the NaP group had methane detected during introduction of the endoscope. Methane levels became undetectable during withdrawal of the scope. None of the patients in the mannitol group had detectable levels of methane. O2 levels did not differ in the groups. Conclusion - This is the largest study to assess the safety of mannitol for bowel preparation, considering methane measurements. Our results indicate that mannitol use is as safe as NaP, and gas exchange was efficient in reducing methane concentrations

Obstructive jaundice secondary to bile duct involvement with Hodgkin's disease: a case report

CONTEXT: Obstructive jaundice due to lymphoma is very rare. It may be difficult to distinguish between this condition and a large number of causes of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, even by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Its prognosis is poor. Combined chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with bile duct drainage is a therapeutic option. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of obstructive jaundice as the initial presentation of Hodgkin's disease. After chemotherapy and endoscopic bile duct stenting, it was noted that the enlarged lymph nodes, jaundice and bile duct dilation disappeared