Model-based biotechnological potential analysis of Kluyveromyces marxianus central metabolism

Funding Information: The research was supported by ERDF project Nr. 2DP/2.1.1.1.0/14/APIA/VIAA/043. Publisher Copyright: © 2017, Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology.The non-conventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus is an emerging industrial producer for many biotechnological processes. Here, we show the application of a biomass-linked stoichiometric model of central metabolism that is experimentally validated, and mass and charge balanced for assessing the carbon conversion efficiency of wild type and modified K. marxianus. Pairs of substrates (lactose, glucose, inulin, xylose) and products (ethanol, acetate, lactate, glycerol, ethyl acetate, succinate, glutamate, phenylethanol and phenylalanine) are examined by various modelling and optimisation methods. Our model reveals the organism’s potential for industrial application and metabolic engineering. Modelling results imply that the aeration regime can be used as a tool to optimise product yield and flux distribution in K. marxianus. Also rebalancing NADH and NADPH utilisation can be used to improve the efficiency of substrate conversion. Xylose is identified as a biotechnologically promising substrate for K. marxianus.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Vocabulary in Car Advertisements

Šajā darbā galvenā uzmanība ir pievērsta leksikai automobīļu reklamā. Pirmkārt, uzmanība ir pievērsta klientu uzvedbai un Ford Companijas nodarbošanas pēc 2008. gada krīzes laikā. Tad, lai sašaurinātu izmeklēšanas loku, Sports Illustrated tika izmantots kā materiālu resurss. Analīzes mērķis bija atrast atšķirību leksikas lietošanā automašīnu reklāmās. Analīze tika veikta, izmantojot diskursu, kvantitatīvo un kvalitatīvo un salīdzinošo analīzes metožu kombināciju. Uzmanības centrā bija leksika, īpašības vārdi un vietniekvārdi. Šī darba posmi tika sadalīts divās daļās: pirms krīzes 2009.-2008. gadā un pēc krīzes 2009.-2011. Rezultāti parādīja, ka modeļi, kas tika prezentēti 38 Ford reklāmās laikposmā no 2006. līdz 2011. gadam, ir līdzīgi. Automašīnas tehniskās detaļas un īpašības tika izskaidrotas ar vienādiem vārdiem. Dažādo modeļu reklāmu īpašības vārdi atšķiras, tomēr viena modeļa reklāmās gadu gaitā tika izmantots līdzīgs vārdu krājums. Vietniekvšdi, kas tika izmantoti abos periodos, ir vienādi. Turpmākajos pētījumos darbs var koncentrēties uz vienu konkrētu automašīnas modeli un turpināt izsekot vārdnīcas lietošanas tendenci.The focus of this paper is on car related vocabulary. Firstly, this paper is focused on the difference in customer behavior and the situation of Ford Company in period after the crisis 2008. Then, to narrow the circle of investigation Sports Illustrated was used as the resource for the materials. The purpose of the analysis was to find the difference in the use of vocabulary in car advertisements. The analysis was made with the help of discourse, the mix of quantitative and qualitative and comparative methods of analysis. The focus was on car related vocabulary, adjectives and pronouns. Timeline of this paper was divided into two parts: before the crisis 2006-2008 and after the crisis 2009-2011. The results showed that models, which were presented in 38 Ford advertisements in period 2006-2011, are similar. Technical details and features of the car were explained using same terms. Adjectives differ in the advertisements of different models, however, in the advertisements of one model during the years was used similar vocabulary. Pronouns that were used in both periods are the same. For the further investigations the paper can focus on one particular car model and continue to track the tendency of the use of vocabulary