Estimation of unitary quantum operations

The problem of optimally estimating an unknown unitary quantum operation with the aid of entanglement is addressed. The idea is to prepare an entangled pair, apply the unknown unitary to one of the two parts and then measure the joint output state. This measurement could be an entangled one or it could be separable (e.g., LOCC). A comparison is made between these possibilities and it is shown that by using non-separable measurements one can improve the accuracy of the estimation by a factor of $2(d+1)/d$ where $d$ is the dimension of the Hilbert space on which $U$ acts.Comment: 6 pages. Revised version. Typos corrected. Some discussion added. Reference fixe

Cavity modified quantum beats

Published versio

Neutrino Quasielastic Scattering on Nuclear Targets: Parametrizing Transverse Enhancement (Meson Exchange Currents)

We present a parametrization of the observed enhancement in the transverse electron quasielastic (QE) response function for nucleons bound in carbon as a function of the square of the four momentum transfer ($Q^2$) in terms of a correction to the magnetic form factors of bound nucleons. The parametrization should also be applicable to the transverse cross section in neutrino scattering. If the transverse enhancement originates from meson exchange currents (MEC), then it is theoretically expected that any enhancement in the longitudinal or axial contributions is small. We present the predictions of the "Transverse Enhancement" model (which is based on electron scattering data only) for the $\nu_\mu, \bar{\nu}_\mu$ differential and total QE cross sections for nucleons bound in carbon. The $Q^2$ dependence of the transverse enhancement is observed to resolve much of the long standing discrepancy in the QE total cross sections and differential distributions between low energy and high energy neutrino experiments on nuclear targets.Comment: Revised Version- July 21, 2011: 17 pages, 20 Figures. To be published in Eur. Phys. J.

Acute pain after total hip and knee arthroplasty does not affect chronic pain during the first postoperative year: observational cohort study of 389 patients

Chronic pain is frequently reported after total hip and knee arthroplasties (THA/TKA) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We investigated if severity of acute postoperative pain following THA/TKA in OA patients was associated with pain during the first postoperative year. From an observational study, OA patients scheduled for primary THA/TKA (June 2012-December 2017) were included from two hospitals in the Netherlands. Acute postoperative pain scores were collected within 72 h postoperatively and categorized as no/mild (NRS 4). Pain was assessed preoperatively, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively using the HOOS/KOOS subscale pain. With Multilevel Mixed-effects-analyses, we estimated associations between acute and chronic pain until one year postoperative, adjusted for confounders and including an interaction term (Time*Acute pain). 193 THA and 196 TKA patients were included, 29% of THA and 51% of TKA patients reported moderate/severe pain acutely after surgery. In the THA group, the difference in pain at 3 months between the no/mild and moderate/severe groups, was approximately six points, in favor of the no/mild group (95% CI [-12.4 to 0.9]) this difference became smaller over time. In the TKA group we found similar differences, with approximately four points (95% CI [-9.6 to 1.3]) difference between the no/mild and moderate/severe group at 6 months, this difference attenuated at 12 months. No association between severity of acute postoperative pain and pain during the first postoperative year was found. These findings suggest that measures to limit acute postoperative pain will likely not impact development of chronic pain.Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitatio

Methods to Determine Neutrino Flux at Low Energies:Investigation of the Low ν\nu Method

We investigate the "low-$\nu$" method (developed by the CCFR/NUTEV collaborations) to determine the neutrino flux in a wide band neutrino beam at very low energies, a region of interest to neutrino oscillations experiments. Events with low hadronic final state energy $\nu<\nu_{cut}$ (of 1, 2 and 5 GeV) were used by the MINOS collaboration to determine the neutrino flux in their measurements of neutrino ($\nu_\mu$) and antineutrino (\nub_\mu) total cross sections. The lowest $\nu_\mu$ energy for which the method was used in MINOS is 3.5 GeV, and the lowest \nub_\mu energy is 6 GeV. At these energies, the cross sections are dominated by inelastic processes. We investigate the application of the method to determine the neutrino flux for $\nu_\mu$, \nub_\mu energies as low as 0.7 GeV where the cross sections are dominated by quasielastic scattering and $\Delta$(1232) resonance production. We find that the method can be extended to low energies by using $\nu_{cut}$ values of 0.25 and 0.50 GeV, which is feasible in fully active neutrino detectors such as MINERvA.Comment: 25 pages, 32 figures, to be published in European Physics Journal

Reversibility of continuous-variable quantum cloning

We analyze a reversibility of optimal Gaussian $1\to 2$ quantum cloning of a coherent state using only local operations on the clones and classical communication between them and propose a feasible experimental test of this feature. Performing Bell-type homodyne measurement on one clone and anti-clone, an arbitrary unknown input state (not only a coherent state) can be restored in the other clone by applying appropriate local unitary displacement operation. We generalize this concept to a partial LOCC reversal of the cloning and we show that this procedure converts the symmetric cloner to an asymmetric cloner. Further, we discuss a distributed LOCC reversal in optimal $1\to M$ Gaussian cloning of coherent states which transforms it to optimal $1\to M'$ cloning for $M'<M$. Assuming the quantum cloning as a possible eavesdropping attack on quantum communication link, the reversibility can be utilized to improve the security of the link even after the attack.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Does nociception monitor-guided anesthesia affect opioid consumption? a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Monitors that estimate nociception during anesthesia may be used to guide opioid and other analgesics administration to optimize anesthesia care and possibly outcome. We reviewed the literature to evaluate current evidence of the effect of nociception-guided management over standard anesthesia practice during surgery. A systematic review of the literature on the effect of nociception monitoring on anesthesia practice was conducted. Reports were eligible if they compared nociception-guided anesthesia to standard practice during surgery. Primary endpoint of this review is intraoperative opioid consumption. Secondary endpoints included hemodynamic control, postoperative pain and pain treatment. We identified 12 randomized controlled trials that compared one of five different nociception monitoring techniques to standard anesthesia care. Most studies were single center studies of small sample size. Six studies reported intraoperative opioid consumption as primary outcome. There was considerable variability with respect to surgical procedure and anesthesia technique. For nociception monitors that were investigated by more than one study, analysis of the pooled data was performed. The surgical plethysmographic index was the only monitor for which an intra operative opioid sparing effect was found. For the other monitors, either no effect was detected, or pooled analysis could not be performed due to paucity of study data. On secondary outcomes, no consistent effect of nociception-guided anesthesia could be established. Although some nociception monitors show promising results, no definitive conclusions regarding the effect of nociception monitoring on intraoperative opioid consumption or other anesthesia related outcome can be drawn. Clinical trial numberPROSPERO ID 102913.Perioperative Medicine: Efficacy, Safety and Outcome (Anesthesiology/Intensive Care

Deep neuromuscular block does not improve surgical conditions in patients receiving sevoflurane anaesthesia for laparoscopic renal surgery

Background: Deep neuromuscular block is associated with improved working conditions during laparoscopic surgery when propofol is used as a general anaesthetic. However, whether deep neuromuscular block yields similar beneficial effects when anaesthesia is maintained using volatile inhalation anaesthesia has not been systematically investigated. Volatile anaesthetics, as opposed to intravenous agents, potentiate muscle relaxation, which potentially reduces the need for deep neuromuscular block to obtain optimal surgical conditions. We examined whether deep neuromuscular block improves surgical conditions over moderate neuromuscular block during sevoflurane anaesthesia.Methods: In this single-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind study, 98 patients scheduled for elective renal surgery were randomised to receive deep (post-tetanic count 1-2 twitches) or a moderate neuromuscular block (train-of-four 1-2 twitches). Anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and titrated to bispectral index values between 40 and 50. Pneumoperitoneum pressure was maintained at 12 mm Hg. The primary outcome was the difference in surgical conditions, scored at 15 min intervals by one of eight blinded surgeons using a 5-point Leiden-Surgical Rating Scale (L-SRS) that scores the quality of the surgical field from extremely poor(1) to optimal(5).Results: Deep neuromuscular block did not improve surgical conditions compared with moderate neuromuscular block: mean (standard deviation) L-SRS 4.8 (0.3) vs 4.8 (0.4), respectively (P=0.94). Secondary outcomes, including unplanned postoperative readmissions and prolonged hospital admission, were not significantly different.Conclusions: During sevoflurane anaesthesia, deep neuromuscular block did not improve surgical conditions over moderate neuromuscular block in normal-pressure laparoscopic renal surgery.Transplant surger

Prospective clinical and pharmacological evaluation of the Delcath System’s second generation (GEN2) hemofiltration system in patients undergoing percutaneous hepatic perfusion with melphalan

Surgical oncolog