50,539 research outputs found
Who is coming from Vanuatu to New Zealand under the new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program?
New Zealand’s new Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture industries. One of the explicit objectives of the program is to encourage economic development in the Pacific. In this paper we report on the results of a baseline survey taken in Vanuatu, which allows us to
examine who wants to participate in the program, and who is selected amongst those interested. We find the main participants are males in their late 20s to early
40s, most of whom are married and have children. Most workers are subsistence farmers in Vanuatu and have not completed more than 10 years of schooling. Such
workers would be unlikely to be accepted under existing migration channels. Nevertheless, we find RSE workers from Vanuatu to come from wealthier households, and have better English literacy and health than individuals not applying
for the program. Lack of knowledge about the policy and the costs of applying appear to be the main barriers preventing poorer individuals applying
Exact Quantum States for all Two-Dimensional Dilaton Gravity Theories
It is shown that the recently obtained quantum wave functionals in terms of
the CJZ variables for generic 2d dilaton gravity are equivalent to the
previously reported exact quantum wave functionals in geometrical variables. A
third representation of these exact quantum states is also presented
Black hole mass estimates in quasars - A comparative analysis of high- and low-ionization lines
The inter-line comparison between high- and low-ionization emission lines has
yielded a wealth of information on the quasar broad line region (BLR) structure
and dynamics, including perhaps the earliest unambiguous evidence in favor of a
disk + wind structure in radio-quiet quasars. We carried out an analysis of the
CIV 1549 and Hbeta line profiles of 28 Hamburg-ESO high luminosity quasars and
of 48 low-z, low luminosity sources in order to test whether the
high-ionization line CIV 1549 width could be correlated with Hbeta and be used
as a virial broadening estimator. We analyze intermediate- to high-S/N,
moderate resolution optical and NIR spectra covering the redshifted CIV and
H over a broad range of luminosity log L ~ 44 - 48.5 [erg/s] and
redshift (0 - 3), following an approach based on the quasar main sequence. The
present analysis indicates that the line width of CIV 1549 is not immediately
offering a virial broadening estimator equivalent to H. At the same time
a virialized part of the BLR appears to be preserved even at the highest
luminosities. We suggest a correction to FWHM(CIV) for Eddington ratio (using
the CIV blueshift as a proxy) and luminosity effects that can be applied over
more than four dex in luminosity. Great care should be used in estimating
high-L black hole masses from CIV 1549 line width. However, once corrected
FWHM(CIV) values are used, a CIV-based scaling law can yield unbiased MBH
values with respect to the ones based on H with sample standard
deviation ~ 0.3 dex.Comment: 43 pages, 15 Figures, submitted to A&
Minkowski-type and Alexandrov-type theorems for polyhedral herissons
Classical H.Minkowski theorems on existence and uniqueness of convex
polyhedra with prescribed directions and areas of faces as well as the
well-known generalization of H.Minkowski uniqueness theorem due to
A.D.Alexandrov are extended to a class of nonconvex polyhedra which are called
polyhedral herissons and may be described as polyhedra with injective spherical
image.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX 2.0
Transient lateral photovoltaic effect in patterned metal-oxide-semiconductor films
The time dependent transient lateral photovoltaic effect has been studied
with us time resolution and with chopping frequencies in the kHz range, in
lithographically patterned 21 nm thick, 5, 10 and 20 um wide and 1500 um long
Co lines grown over naturally passivated p-type Si (100). We have observed a
nearly linear dependence of the transitorial response with the laser spot
position. A transitorial response with a sign change in the laser-off stage has
been corroborated by numerical simulations. A qualitative explanation suggests
a modification of the drift-diffusion model by including the in uence of a
local inductance. Our findings indicate that the microstructuring of position
sensitive detectors could improve their space-time resolution.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Detection of the ISW effect and corresponding dark energy constraints made with directional spherical wavelets
Using a directional spherical wavelet analysis we detect the integrated
Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect, indicated by a positive correlation between the
first-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and NRAO VLA Sky Survey
(NVSS) data. Detections are made using both a directional extension of the
spherical Mexican hat wavelet and the spherical butterfly wavelet. We examine
the possibility of foreground contamination and systematics in the WMAP data
and conclude that these factors are not responsible for the signal that we
detect. The wavelet analysis inherently enables us to localise on the sky those
regions that contribute most strongly to the correlation. On removing these
localised regions the correlation that we detect is reduced in significance, as
expected, but it is not eliminated, suggesting that these regions are not the
sole source of correlation between the data. This finding is consistent with
predictions made using the ISW effect, where one would expect weak correlations
over the entire sky. In a flat universe the detection of the ISW effect
provides direct and independent evidence for dark energy. We use our detection
to constrain dark energy parameters by deriving a theoretical prediction for
the directional wavelet covariance statistic for a given cosmological model.
Comparing these predictions with the data we place constraints on the
equation-of-state parameter and the vacuum energy density .
We also consider the case of a pure cosmological constant, i.e. . For
this case we rule out a zero cosmological constant at greater than the 99.9%
significance level. All parameter estimates that we obtain are consistent with
the standand cosmological concordance model values.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures; replaced to match version accepted by MNRA
Insights into the fracture mechanisms and strength of amorphous and nanocomposite carbon
Tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations shed light into the fracture
mechanisms and the ideal strength of tetrahedral amorphous carbon and of
nanocomposite carbon containing diamond crystallites, two of the hardest
materials. It is found that fracture in the nanocomposites, under tensile or
shear load, occurs inter-grain and so their ideal strength is similar to the
pure amorphous phase. The onset of fracture takes place at weakly bonded sp^3
sites in the amorphous matrix. On the other hand, the nanodiamond inclusions
significantly enhance the elastic moduli, which approach those of diamond.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Real-time dynamics of lattice gauge theories with a few-qubit quantum computer
Gauge theories are fundamental to our understanding of interactions between
the elementary constituents of matter as mediated by gauge bosons. However,
computing the real-time dynamics in gauge theories is a notorious challenge for
classical computational methods. In the spirit of Feynman's vision of a quantum
simulator, this has recently stimulated theoretical effort to devise schemes
for simulating such theories on engineered quantum-mechanical devices, with the
difficulty that gauge invariance and the associated local conservation laws
(Gauss laws) need to be implemented. Here we report the first experimental
demonstration of a digital quantum simulation of a lattice gauge theory, by
realising 1+1-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (Schwinger model) on a
few-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer. We are interested in the real-time
evolution of the Schwinger mechanism, describing the instability of the bare
vacuum due to quantum fluctuations, which manifests itself in the spontaneous
creation of electron-positron pairs. To make efficient use of our quantum
resources, we map the original problem to a spin model by eliminating the gauge
fields in favour of exotic long-range interactions, which have a direct and
efficient implementation on an ion trap architecture. We explore the Schwinger
mechanism of particle-antiparticle generation by monitoring the mass production
and the vacuum persistence amplitude. Moreover, we track the real-time
evolution of entanglement in the system, which illustrates how particle
creation and entanglement generation are directly related. Our work represents
a first step towards quantum simulating high-energy theories with atomic
physics experiments, the long-term vision being the extension to real-time
quantum simulations of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories
Interpreting the peak structures around 1800 MeV in the BES data on ,
In this talk we present an interpretation for the experimental data available
on two different processes, namely, , , which seem to indicate existence of two new resonances
with the same quantum numbers () and very similar mass
(~1800 MeV) but with very different decay properties. However, our studies show
that the peak structure found in the invariant mass, in , is a manifestation of the well known while
the cross section enhancement found in is indeed
a new resonance with mass near 1800 MeV. We present an explanation for
the different decay properties of these two scalar resonances.Comment: Proceedings for the nuclear physics meeting ("XXXVI Reuni\~ao de
trabalho sobre f\'isica nuclear no Brasil") held in Maresias during Sept.
1-5. To be published as AIP proceeding
TWO DIMENSIONAL DILATON GRAVITY COUPLED TO AN ABELIAN GAUGE FIELD
The most general two-dimensional dilaton gravity theory coupled to an Abelian
gauge field is considered. It is shown that, up to spacetime diffeomorphisms
and gauge transformations, the field equations admit a two-parameter
family of distinct, static solutions.
For theories with black hole solutions, coordinate invariant expressions are
found for the energy, charge, surface gravity, Hawking temperature and entropy
of the black holes. The Hawking temperature is proportional to the surface
gravity as expected, and both vanish in the case of extremal black holes in the
generic theory. A Hamiltonian analysis of the general theory is performed, and
a complete set of (global) Dirac physical observables is obtained. The theory
is then quantized using the Dirac method in the WKB approximation. A connection
between the black hole entropy and the imaginary part of the WKB phase of the
Dirac quantum wave functional is found for arbitrary values of the mass and
charge. The imaginary part of the phase vanishes for extremal black
holes and for eternal, non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes.Comment: Minor revisions only. Some references have been added, and some
typographical errors correcte
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