Inclusivity in global research checklist.

Despite the policy recommendation and effectiveness of administering the hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine (HepB-BD) to newborns to prevent mother-to-child hepatitis B transmission, timely uptake remains an issue. Countries adopting the HepB-BD to their national immunization schedule report programmatic challenges to administering the vaccine within the recommended 24-hour window after delivery. Further, while the World Health Organization recommends streamlining three birth-dose vaccines (HepB-BD, BCG, and OPV0), scarce Sub-Saharan(SSA)-based literature reports on a streamlined and timely approach to birth-dose vaccines. As more SSA countries adopt the new birth-dose vaccine to their immunization schedules, a systematically developed implementation strategy—Vaccination of Newborns–Innovative Strategies to Hasten Birth-Dose vaccines’ delivery (VANISH-BD)—will facilitate the adoption and implementation of timely birth-dose vaccine uptake. In this paper, we describe the development of the implementation strategy using intervention mapping, an evidence-based and theory-driven approach. We report on the development of our intervention, beginning with the needs assessment based in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), informing step 1 of intervention mapping. The intervention is contextually relevant, locally produced, sustainable, and designed to improve timely birth-dose vaccine uptake in the DRC. We intend to inform future implementers about improving timely and streamlined birth-dose vaccine uptake and for VANISH-BD to be adapted for similar contexts.</div

Specific implementation plans and materials for streamlining timely birth-dose vaccines.

Specific implementation plans and materials for streamlining timely birth-dose vaccines.</p

Matrices of change.

Despite the policy recommendation and effectiveness of administering the hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine (HepB-BD) to newborns to prevent mother-to-child hepatitis B transmission, timely uptake remains an issue. Countries adopting the HepB-BD to their national immunization schedule report programmatic challenges to administering the vaccine within the recommended 24-hour window after delivery. Further, while the World Health Organization recommends streamlining three birth-dose vaccines (HepB-BD, BCG, and OPV0), scarce Sub-Saharan(SSA)-based literature reports on a streamlined and timely approach to birth-dose vaccines. As more SSA countries adopt the new birth-dose vaccine to their immunization schedules, a systematically developed implementation strategy—Vaccination of Newborns–Innovative Strategies to Hasten Birth-Dose vaccines’ delivery (VANISH-BD)—will facilitate the adoption and implementation of timely birth-dose vaccine uptake. In this paper, we describe the development of the implementation strategy using intervention mapping, an evidence-based and theory-driven approach. We report on the development of our intervention, beginning with the needs assessment based in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), informing step 1 of intervention mapping. The intervention is contextually relevant, locally produced, sustainable, and designed to improve timely birth-dose vaccine uptake in the DRC. We intend to inform future implementers about improving timely and streamlined birth-dose vaccine uptake and for VANISH-BD to be adapted for similar contexts.</div

Distribution of responses to the three questions assessing Hepatitis B knowledge among all enrolled women.

280 total participants responded to each question. Because participants could choose multiple answers to each question, percent of participants who chose each answer sums to greater than 100% for each question. The percent of participants who chose each answer was calculated using total number of participants as the denominator, not total number of answers chosen.</p

Demographic characteristics of enrolled women in the overall cohort and stratified by HBV knowledge category.

Participants in the “any HBV knowledge” category scored > 0 on the HBV knowledge assessment and participants in the “no HBV knowledge” category scored 0 points on the HBV knowledge assessment.</p

Determinants, theoretical-based methods, and practical application for each study actor.

Determinants, theoretical-based methods, and practical application for each study actor.</p

Theory-driven logic of solution model for vaccine uptake.

Theory-driven logic of solution model for vaccine uptake.</p

Enrollment questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pregnant women in the DRC.

This questionnaire was used upon enrollment of both the AVERT and BDI trials. Denoted “incorrect” or “correct” in italics for the purposes of this manuscript (not included in the original knowledge questionnaire). (DOCX)</p

Preliminary findings from need assessment.

Despite the policy recommendation and effectiveness of administering the hepatitis B birth-dose vaccine (HepB-BD) to newborns to prevent mother-to-child hepatitis B transmission, timely uptake remains an issue. Countries adopting the HepB-BD to their national immunization schedule report programmatic challenges to administering the vaccine within the recommended 24-hour window after delivery. Further, while the World Health Organization recommends streamlining three birth-dose vaccines (HepB-BD, BCG, and OPV0), scarce Sub-Saharan(SSA)-based literature reports on a streamlined and timely approach to birth-dose vaccines. As more SSA countries adopt the new birth-dose vaccine to their immunization schedules, a systematically developed implementation strategy—Vaccination of Newborns–Innovative Strategies to Hasten Birth-Dose vaccines’ delivery (VANISH-BD)—will facilitate the adoption and implementation of timely birth-dose vaccine uptake. In this paper, we describe the development of the implementation strategy using intervention mapping, an evidence-based and theory-driven approach. We report on the development of our intervention, beginning with the needs assessment based in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), informing step 1 of intervention mapping. The intervention is contextually relevant, locally produced, sustainable, and designed to improve timely birth-dose vaccine uptake in the DRC. We intend to inform future implementers about improving timely and streamlined birth-dose vaccine uptake and for VANISH-BD to be adapted for similar contexts.</div

Distribution of knowledge scores at baseline and follow-up among 46 HBV-positive women who participated in both studies.

Average score at baseline was 2.8 (range 0–6) and average score at follow-up was 3.7 (range 0–7) (p < 0.001).</p