1956 és 1989 között keletkezett propagandaszövegek nyelvi sajátságai

Elemzésünkben a Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt Központi Bizottságának (MSZMP KB) hivatalos havi lapja, a Pártélet els® és utolsó két évének lapszámait vizsgáljuk, és összehasonlítjuk a két id®szak szövegeinek statisztikai, morfológiai, szintaktikai és szemantikai jellemz®it. A vizsgált szövegek bizonyosan a totalitárius nyelvhasználatot reprezentálják, ezért kutatási eredményeinket felhasználhatónak tekintjük a politikai propaganda azonosítására és elemzésére irányuló kutatásokban és fejlesztésekben

Nagyot mondó képviselők? : fokozás a politikai kommunikációban

A politikai kommunikációban megjelenő érzelemkifejezés kutatása az utóbbi évtizedekben egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kap. Dolgozatunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a nyelvi fokozás milyen kvantitatív és kvalitatív sajátságokkal jelenik meg a politikai kommunikációban. A fokozó elemek csoportján belül külön figyelmet fordítunk az ún. negatív emotív fokozókra, amelyek prior szemantikai tartalma valamely negatív érzelemhez kapcsolódik, azonban fokozó elemekként funkcionálhatnak. Ezzel összefüggésben a szövegek szentimentjét is elemezzük: azt vizsgáljuk, hogy mely szentimentértékű szavak jelentését intenzifikálják a politikusok a fokozó szavak segítségével. Mindezek segítségével megmutatjuk, hogy milyen kvalitatív és kvantitatív sajátságok jellemzik a nyelvi fokozás tekintetében a kormánypárti és az ellenzéki kommunikációt, valamint, hogy hogyan befolyásolja mindezt a Covid19-járvány

Pollen allergens do not come alone: pollen associated lipid mediators (PALMS) shift the human immue systems towards a TH2-dominated response

Pollen allergy is characterized by a TH2-biased immune response to pollen-derived allergens. However, pollen-exposed epithelia do not encounter pure allergen but rather a plethora of protein and non-protein substances. We demonstrated that pollen liberate lipids with chemical and functional similarities to leukotriens and prostaglandins - the pollen associated lipid mediators (PALMs). To date, two main groups of PALMs have been characterized: The immunostimulatory PALMs activating innate immune cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils, and the immunomodulatory E1-phytoprostanes blocking IL-12 production of dendritic cells, resulting in the preferential induction of TH2 responses. This article reviews our work in the field of PALMs and their effects on cells of the innate and adoptive immune system. From recent results a general picture starts to emerge in which PALMs (and possibly other pollen-associated substances) may - independently from protein allergens - propagate an overall TH2 favoring micromilieu in pollen exposed tissue of predisposed individuals

Kulcsfogalmak jelentésváltozása a Kádár-korszak politikai diskurzusában

A jelen dolgozatban a Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt Központi Bizottságának (MSZMP KB) hivatalos havilapját, a Pártélet című kiadványt elemezzük néhány korabeli kulcsfogalom időbeli szemantikai változása szempontjából. A vizsgálatokhoz a korpuszt magunk hoztuk létre a lap teljes, digitalizált képként rendelkezésre álló anyagából. A korpusz egyedülálló, hiszen tudomásunk szerint nincs másik olyan digitalizált adatbázis, amely a Kádár-korszak longitudinális szövegbányászati elemzését lehetővé tenné. Mivel a Pártélet az állampárt hivatalos lapja volt, szövegeinek elemzése révén a korabeli politikai diskurzus megismerése, változásainak feltárása válik lehetővé. Jelen kutatásunk középpontjában a döntés és az irányítás, illetve a velük kapcsolatban álló fogalmak szemantikai tartalmának időbeli változása állt

An Examination of Concepts of School Readiness Among Parents and Educators in Ireland

The Department of Children and Youth Affairs commissioned research through the Irish Research Council (IRC) to examine concepts of school readiness as they are understood by early years educators and managers, primary school principals, junior infant teachers and parents of children participating in the first Free Preschool Year in Ireland. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving interviews, an online survey and “draw and tell” sessions with children. Representative samples of FPSY settings and primary schools were selected and an online survey based on the findings of the qualitative phase was sent to 500 pre-primary settings and 500 primary schools. In this study, the concept of school readiness as understood by parents of children availing of the FPSY, and early years educators and managers, emerged as a multi-faceted and complex concept, influenced by and entwined with a range of interrelated factors at macro (policy), meso (interrelationships) and micro (pre-primary and primary) levels. These factors included children’s social and emotional skills, dispositions, language development, self-help skills, appropriate classroom behaviour and pre-academic skills. School readiness was clearly located along a maturationist-environmentalist continuum where readiness was associated with a child’s age as well as external evidence of the acquisition of specific skills. Interview and survey participants articulated a range of school readiness indicators, with significant differences in some instances between the importance allocated to these indicators by individual participant groups

Palmitoylethanolamide Promotes a Proresolving Macrophage Phenotype and Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation

Objective Palmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous fatty acid mediator that is synthetized from membrane phospholipids by N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D. Its biological actions are primarily mediated by PPAR- (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ) and the orphan receptor GPR55. Palmitoylethanolamide exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions but its physiological role and promise as a therapeutic agent in chronic arterial inflammation, such as atherosclerosis remain unexplored. Approach and Results First, the polarization of mouse primary macrophages towards a proinflammatory phenotype was found to reduce N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D expression and palmitoylethanolamide bioavailability. N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D expression was progressively downregulated in the aorta of apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice during atherogenesis. N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D mRNA levels were also downregulated in unstable human plaques and they positively associated with smooth muscle cell markers and negatively with macrophage markers. Second, ApoE(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 or 16 weeks and treated with either vehicle or palmitoylethanolamide (3 mg/kg per day, 4 weeks) to study the effects of palmitoylethanolamide on early established and pre-established atherosclerosis. Palmitoylethanolamide treatment reduced plaque size in early atherosclerosis, whereas in pre-established atherosclerosis, palmitoylethanolamide promoted signs of plaque stability as evidenced by reduced macrophage accumulation and necrotic core size, increased collagen deposition and downregulation of M1-type macrophage markers. Mechanistically, we found that palmitoylethanolamide, by activating GPR55, increases the expression of the phagocytosis receptor MerTK (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase MER) and enhances macrophage efferocytosis, indicative of proresolving properties. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that palmitoylethanolamide protects against atherosclerosis by promoting an anti-inflammatory and proresolving phenotype of lesional macrophages, representing a new therapeutic approach to resolve arterial inflammation

Potential role of miR-9 and miR-223 in recurrent ovarian cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. miRNAs have not been comprehensively studied in recurrent ovarian cancer, yet an incurable disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using real-time RT-PCR, we obtained distinct miRNA expression profiles between primary and recurrent serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinomas (n = 6) in a subset of samples previously used in a transcriptome approach. Expression levels of top dysregulated miRNA genes, miR-223 and miR-9, were examined using TaqMan PCR in independent cohorts of fresh frozen (n = 18) and FFPE serous ovarian tumours (n = 22). Concordance was observed on TaqMan analysis for miR-223 and miR-9 between the training cohort and the independent test cohorts. Target prediction analysis for the above miRNA "recurrent metastatic signature" identified genes previously validated in our transcriptome study. Common biological pathways well characterised in ovarian cancer were shared by miR-9 and miR-223 lists of predicted target genes. We provide strong evidence that miR-9 acts as a putative tumour suppressor gene in recurrent ovarian cancer. Components of the miRNA processing machinery, such as Dicer and Drosha are not responsible for miRNA deregulation in recurrent ovarian cancer, as deluded by TaqMan and immunohistochemistry.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We propose a miRNA model for the molecular pathogenesis of recurrent ovarian cancer. Some of the differentially deregulated miRNAs identified correlate with our previous transcriptome findings. Based on integrated transcriptome and miRNA analysis, miR-9 and miR-223 can be of potential importance as biomarkers in recurrent ovarian cancer.</p

How managers can build trust in strategic alliances: a meta-analysis on the central trust-building mechanisms

Trust is an important driver of superior alliance performance. Alliance managers are influential in this regard because trust requires active involvement, commitment and the dedicated support of the key actors involved in the strategic alliance. Despite the importance of trust for explaining alliance performance, little effort has been made to systematically investigate the mechanisms that managers can use to purposefully create trust in strategic alliances. We use Parkhe’s (1998b) theoretical framework to derive nine hypotheses that distinguish between process-based, characteristic-based and institutional-based trust-building mechanisms. Our meta-analysis of 64 empirical studies shows that trust is strongly related to alliance performance. Process-based mechanisms are more important for building trust than characteristic- and institutional-based mechanisms. The effects of prior ties and asset specificity are not as strong as expected and the impact of safeguards on trust is not well understood. Overall, theoretical trust research has outpaced empirical research by far and promising opportunities for future empirical research exist

StaffTalk : magyar nyelvű spontán beszélgetések korpusza

A cikkben bemutatjuk a StaffTalk nevű, nagy méretű, kézzel annotált korpuszt, mely magyar nyelvű spontán beszélgetéseket tartalmaz. A korpusz létrehozásával elsősorban ahhoz szerettünk volna vizsgálati anyagot teremteni, hogy zárt közösségeken belül az informális kommunikáció és a megbecsültség hogyan befolyásolja a közösség működését és normarendszerét. A munka első lépéseként a hanganyagokat legépeltettük, amelynek során a verbális információn túl egyéb, nem verbális információk megjelölésére is megkértük az annotátorokat. A legépelt hanganyagokat ezt követően három szinten annotáltuk: a beszélgetésekben megjelenő pletykát, beszédaktusokat és egyéb pragmatikai jegyeket, valamint bizonytalanságra utaló szavakat egyaránt megjelöltünk. Mindezeknek a sajátságoknak köszönhetően a kiinduló kutatási kérdéssel összefüggésben, valamint azon túl is a korpusz sokféle pragmatikai szempontú elemzés elvégzésére is alkalmassá vált