Changes in Facebook Behavior over Time

Use of social networking sites has led to research concerning online behavior and personality. This study uses a model specifically developed to study the shifts in behavior of five defined types of Facebook users over a 5-year period as they exploit the site201F;s Timeline feature. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in activity among Scrapbookers, t(7) = 7.99, p .01 and (M = 9.13, s = 3.23) as well as among Social Butterflies, t(7) = 7.13, p .01 and (M = 7.38, s = 2.92). The t-test found no discernable statistically reliable difference in the Observer category t(7) = 1.53, p .05 and (M = 0.5, s = .93) nor in the Activist category t(7) = 1.69, p .05 and (M = 1.63, s = 2.72), or Entrepreneur category t(7) = 1.53, p .05 and (M = 1.75, s = 3.24)

Epidemiology and costs of cervical cancer screening and cervical dysplasia in Italy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We estimated the number of women undergoing cervical cancer screening annually in Italy, the rates of cervical abnormalities detected, and the costs of screening and management of abnormalities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The annual number of screened women was estimated from National Health Interview data. Data from the Italian Group for Cervical Cancer Screening were used to estimate the number of positive, negative and unsatisfactory Pap smears. The incidence of CIN (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia) was estimated from the Emilia Romagna Cancer Registry. Patterns of follow-up and treatment costs were estimated using a typical disease management approach based on national guidelines and data from the Italian Group for Cervical Cancer Screening. Treatment unit costs were obtained from Italian National Health Service and Hospital Information System of the Lazio Region.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An estimated 6.4 million women aged 25–69 years undergo screening annually in Italy (1.2 million and 5.2 million through organized and opportunistic screening programs, respectively). Approximately 2.4% of tests have positive findings. There are approximately 21,000 cases of CIN1 and 7,000–17,000 cases of CIN2/3. Estimated costs to the healthcare service amount to €158.5 million for screening and €22.9 million for the management of cervical abnormalities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although some cervical abnormalities might have been underestimated, the total annual cost of cervical cancer prevention in Italy is approximately €181.5 million, of which 87% is attributable to screening.</p

References examining assaults by women on their spouses or male partners: An annotated bibliography. Available at www.vix.com/menmag/fiebert.htm

SUMMARY: This bibliography examines 122 scholarly investigations, 99 empirical studies and 23 reviews and/or analyses, which demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners. The aggregate sample size in the reviewed studies exceeds 77,000. Aizenman, M., &amp; Kelley, G. (1988). The incidence of violence and acquaintance rape in dating relationships among college men and women. Journal of College Student Development, 29, 305−311. (A sample of actively dating college students &lt;204 women and 140 men&gt; responded to a survey examining courtship violence. Authors report that there were no significant differences between the sexes in self reported perpetration of physical abuse.) Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta−analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, In Press. (Meta−analyses of sex differences in physical aggression indicate that women were more likely than men to &quot;use one or more acts of physical aggression and to use such acts more frequently.&quot; In terms of injuries, women were somewhat more likely to be injured, and analyses reveal that 62 % of those injured were women.) Archer, J., &amp; Ray, N. (1989). Dating violence in the United Kingdom: a preliminary study. Aggressive Behavior, 15, 337−343. (Twenty three dating couples completed the Conflict Tactics scale. Results indicate that women were significantly more likely than their male partners to express physical violence. Authors also report that, &quot;measures of partner agreement were high&quot; and that the correlation between past and present violence was low.) Arias, I., Samios, M., &amp; O&apos;Leary, K. D. (1987). Prevalence and correlates of physical aggression during courtship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2, 82−90. (Used Conflict Tactics Scale with a sample of 270 undergraduates &lt;95 men, 175 women&gt; and found 30% of men and 49% of women reported using some form of aggression in their dating histories with a greater percentage of women engaging in severe physical aggression.

References examining assaults by women on their spouses or male partners: An annotated bibliography. Available at www.vix.com/menmag/fiebert.htm

SUMMARY: This bibliography examines 196 scholarly investigations: 153 empirical studies and 43 reviews and/or analyses, which demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners. The aggregate sample size in the reviewed studies exceeds 177,100. Aizenman, M., &amp; Kelley, G. (1988). The incidence of violence and acquaintance rape in dating relationships among college men and women. Journal of College Student Development, 29, 305-311. (A sample of actively dating college students &lt;204 women and 140 men&gt; responded to a survey examining courtship violence. Authors report that there were no significant differences between the sexes in self reported perpetration of physical abuse.) Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 651-680. (Meta-analyses of sex differences in physical aggression indicate that women were more likely than men to &quot;use one or more acts of physical aggression and to use such acts more frequently.&quot; In terms of injuries, women were somewhat more likely to be injured, and analyses reveal that 62% of those injured were women.) Archer, J. (2002). Sex differences in physically aggressive acts between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7, (Analyzing responses to the Conflict Tactic Scale and using a data set somewhat different from the previous 2000 publication, the author reports that women are more likely than men to throw something at their partners, as well as slap, kick, bite, punch and hit with an object. Men were more likely than women to strangle, choke, or beat up their partners.) Archer, J., &amp; Ray, N. (1989). Dating violence in the United Kingdom: a preliminary study. Aggressive Behavior, 15, 337-343. (Twenty three dating couples completed the Conflict Tactics scale. Results indicate that women were significantly more likely than their male partners to express physical violence. Authors also report that, &quot;measures of partner agreement were high&quot; and that the correlation between past and present violence was low.

References examining assaults by women on their spouses or male partners: An annotated bibliography. Available at www.vix.com/menmag/fiebert.htm

SUMMARY: This bibliography examines 117 scholarly investigations, 94 empirical studies and 23 reviews and/or analyses, which demonstrate that women are as physically aggressive, or more aggressive, than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners. The aggregate sample size in the reviewed studies exceeds 72,000. Aizenman, M., &amp; Kelley, G. (1988). The incidence of violence and acquaintance rape in dating relationships among college men and women. Journal of College Student Development, 29, 305-311. (A sample of actively dating college students &lt;204 women and 140 men&gt; responded to a survey examining courtship violence. Authors report that there were no significant differences between the sexes in self reported perpetration of physical abuse.) Archer, J. (2000). Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, In Press. (Meta-analyses of sex differences in physical aggression indicate that women were more likely than men to ôuse one or more acts of physical aggression and to use such acts more frequently.ö In terms of injuries, women were somewhat more likely to be injured, and analyses reveal that 62% of those injured were women.) Archer, J., &amp; Ray, N. (1989). Dating violence in the United Kingdom: a preliminary study. Aggressive Behavior, 15, 337-343. (Twenty three dating couples completed the Conflict Tactics scale. Results indicate that women were significantly more likely than their male partners to express physical violence. Authors also report that, &quot;measures of partner agreement were high&quot; and that the correlation between past and present violence was low.) Arias, I., Samios, M., &amp; O&apos; Leary, K. D. (1987). Prevalence and correlates of physical aggression during courtship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2, 82-90. (Used Conflict Tactics Scale with a sample of 270 undergraduates &lt;95 men, 175 women&gt; and found 30% of men and 49% of women reported using some form of aggression in their dating histories with a greater percentage of women engaging in severe physical aggression.) Arias, I., &amp; Johnson, P. (1989). Evaluations of physical aggression among intimate dyads. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4, 298-307. (Used Conflict Tactics Scale-CTSwith a sample of 103 male and 99 female undergraduates. Both men and women had similar experience with dating violence, 19% of women and 18% of men admitted being physically aggressive. A significantly greater percentage of women thought self-defense was a legitimate reason for men to be aggressive, while a greater percentage of men thought slapping was a legitimate response for a man or woman if their partner was sexually unfaithful.