Correlations between different cytokines responses to individual mycobacterial antigens.

a<p>Number of infants for whom both cytokine data were available for correlation analysis.</p>b<p>Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient.</p><p>ρ values>0.3 with corresponding p values≤0.05 are shown in bold.</p><p>IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL-13: interleukin-13; IL-5: interleukin-5; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PPD: purified protein derivative; Ag85: antigen 85; STCF: short term culture filtrate; KMTB: killed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p

Figure 6

<p>A) Histogram showing distribution of BCG scar size in 236 infants measured at 2 months of age following BCG at birth. B) Histogram showing distribution of average TST size in 202 infants tested at 2 months of age following BCG at birth. C) Scatterplot showing correlation between interferon-γ and TST responses to PPD. D) Box and whisker plot showing median IFN-γ concentrations (pg/ml) in supernatant following stimulation with PPD in infants grouped according the size of TST response. IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; PPD: purified protein derivative; TST: tuberculin skin test.</p

Correlations between the three cytokine responses to specific antigens.

<p>N = number of infants who responded to both cytokines considered. Rho: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL-13: interleukin-13; IL-5: interleukin-5; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PPD: purified protein derivative; Ag85: antigen 85; STCF: short term culture filtrate; KMTB: killed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p

Correlations between interferon-γ responses to PHA and various mycobacterial antigens.

<p>N = number of infants who responded to both antigens considered. Rho: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PPD: purified protein derivative; Ag85: antigen 85; STCF: short term culture filtrate; KMTB: killed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p

Correlations between interleukin-13 responses to PHA and various mycobacterial antigens.

<p>N = number of infants who responded to both antigens considered. Rho: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; IL-13: interleukin-13; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PPD: purified protein derivative; Ag85: antigen 85; STCF: short term culture filtrate; KMTB: killed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p

Histograms showing distribution of cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens and PHA in BCG vaccinated infants.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003485#pone-0003485-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> indicates total numbers of infants included in each histogram plot. The asterisk denotes >120 babies did not make IL-13 responses to Ag85 (n = 138). IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL-13: interleukin-13; IL-5: interleukin-5; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PPD: purified protein derivative; Ag85: antigen 85; STCF: short term culture filtrate; KMTB: killed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p

Proportion of CD4+ or CD8+ cells positive for any of the 4 factors (CD107a, IFN-γ, IL-2 or TNF-α) following overnight antigenic stimulation.

<p>Data expressed as median [interquartile range (IQR)]-positive cells per subset.</p><p>* = p≤0.05;</p><p>** = p≤0.01,</p><p>*** =  p≤0.001 compared to TB cases pre-treatment.</p

Correlations between interleukin-5 responses to PHA and various mycobacterial antigens.

<p>N = number of infants who responded to both antigens considered. Rho: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; interleukin-5; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PPD: purified protein derivative; Ag85: antigen 85; STCF: short term culture filtrate; KMTB: killed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p

Increased CD107a, IFN-γ and TNF-α expression in TB cases pre-treatment and reduction post-treatment.

<p>Bar indicates median of TB cases pre-treatment (n = 12, filled circles), TB cases post-treatment (n = 10, open circles) and 17 HHC (triangles). Data were analysed using a Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA followed by Dunn's post-test comparison and p-values indicated.</p

Cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens in BCG vaccinated infants.

a<p>Concentration 10 µg/ml.</p>b<p>Discrepancies between number available and total number in study are due to technical failure for a few samples in the IFN-γ and IL-5 groups.</p>c<p>non-responders defined as cytokine level of 0 or less after background subtracted; percentages rounded up to nearest integer.</p><p>IFN-γ: interferon-gamma; IL-13: interleukin-13; IL-5: interleukin-5; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PPD: purified protein derivative; Ag85: antigen 85; STCF: short term culture filtrate; KMTB: killed <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.</p