<i>CYP1A1</i>, <i>CYP1A2</i>, <i>CYP1B</i>1 and <i>AhR</i> mRNA expression in PHHs (n = 5) incubated with 1, 10, 100 μM skatole or 10 nM TCDD for 8 or 24 hours.

<p><i>CYP1A1</i>, <i>CYP1A2</i>, <i>CYP1B</i>1 and <i>AhR</i> mRNA expression in PHHs (n = 5) incubated with 1, 10, 100 μM skatole or 10 nM TCDD for 8 or 24 hours.</p

Tissue-specific regulation of CYP3A by hydrolysable tannins in male pigs

<p>1. Little is known about the activities and regulation of cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) enzymes in porcine colon in response to specific feeding components.</p> <p>2. We added hydrolyzable tannins to the diet of fattening boars and studied its effect on the expression of hepatic and intestinal CYP3A.</p> <p>3. In total, 51 Landrace × Large White boars were assigned to the following treatment groups: control (without the addition of hydrolysable tannins), T1 (diet-containing 1% hydrolysable tannin extract), T2 (diet-containing 2% hydrolysable tannin extract) and T3 (diet-containing 3% hydrolysable tannin extract). CYP3A expression and activity were measured in microsomes prepared from liver and colon tissue.</p> <p>4. CYP3A protein expression and activity were increased in the colon of pigs fed 2% and 3% tannins, while no changes were observed with lower tannin concentrations, or in the liver of any treatment groups. Also, it was demonstrated that colon mucosa possess CYP3A activity similar to that measured in the liver.</p> <p>5. The present results provide the first evidence that tannin supplementation can modulate CYP3A in porcine colon mucosa <i>in vivo</i>. The physiological significance of this finding for the health status of the individual animal needs further investigation.</p

Skatole increases CYP1A1 expression in HepG2-C3 cells and PHHs.

<p>RT-qPCR analysis of <i>CYP1A1</i> (A) and <i>AhR</i> (B) mRNA expression following incubation of HepG2-C3 cells with 1, 10 or 100 μM skatole for 2, 4, 8 or 24 h (n = 3). (C) CYP1A and actin protein expression in PHHs (Donor #400) after incubation with 10, 50 or 100 μM for 24 h. * Significantly different from time-matched control cells (no treatment) (Student’s t–test; p < 0.001).</p

Primer sequences.

<p>Primer sequences.</p

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) induces CYP1A1 expression and activates AhR.

<p>(A) RT-qPCR analysis of <i>CYP1A1</i> mRNA expression in HepG2-C3 cells incubated with 0.1, 1 or 10 μM I3C for 24 h (n = 3). (B) Relative luciferase activity measured in HAhLH or HepAhLH cells incubated with I3C (from 1.10−⁷ M to 1.10−⁴ M) for 8 h (n = 3). (C) RT-qPCR analysis of <i>CYP1A1</i> mRNA expression in HepG2-C3 cells incubated with 10 nM TCDD alone or in the presence of 0.1, 1 or 10 μM I3C (n = 3). Bars not sharing subscription are significantly different (p < 0.05).</p

Whole Milk Increases Intestinal <i>ANGPTL4</i> Expression and Excretion of Fatty Acids through Feces and Urine

The angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPLT4) protein is involved in lipid metabolism and is known to inhibit lipoprotein lipase in the bloodstream. We investigated the effect of milk on intestinal ANGPTL4 and the metabolic profile of growing pigs and the effect of free fatty acids (FFAs) on ANGPTL4 in ex vivo and in vitro assays. Feeding pigs whole milk increased intestinal <i>ANGPTL4</i> mRNA and increased fecal excretion of long-chain FFA compared to the control group fed soybean oil (<i>n</i> = 9). Furthermore, FFAs (C4–C8) induced ANGPTL4 gene expression in porcine intestinal tissue mounted in Ussing chambers and ANGPTL4 protein secretion to both the apical and basolateral sides of intestinal Caco-2 cells on permeable membranes. Altogether, these results support an ANGPTL4-induced secretion of fecal FFAs. Urinary levels of FFAs (C4–C12), 3-hydroxyadipic acid, and suberic acid were also increased by milk consumption, indicating higher energy expenditure compared to the control group