Analysis of coat quality of Chinchilla rabbit breed

Article Details: Received: 2018-10-25 | Accepted: 2018-11-27 | Available online: 2019-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.01.17-20Between breeders, Chinchilla rabbit is very popular as it has standard body shape and high quality of typically coloured fur. The aim of this study was to analyse quality of Chinchilla rabbit fur. Coat samples were gathered at the National Animal Exhibition in Nitra. We collected samples from three different body areas – those being scapula, back and thigh. Altogether, we obtained 153 samples of different individual animals. We observed different parameters of the fur. Those were – thickness and length of coat, height and width of the undercolour, ticking and height of the guard hair. We found out that average thickness of coat in the examined population was 0.106 mm in the area of scapula; 0.104 mm in the thigh area and 0.113 mm from the back area. Length of the guard hair from area of scapula was 35.8 mm; 37.9 mm in the thigh area and 36.4 mm in the back area. Height of the undercolour was 26.9 mm in the back area, 26.4 mm in area of scapula and 27.6 mm in the area of thighs. Observed width of intermediate colour was 5.1 mm in thigh area; 4.3 mm in back area and 4.8 mm in scapula area. Measured height of terminal black line of hair was 4.7 mm in area of scapula; 5.3 mm in the back area and 5.3 mm in thigh area. The differences among the evaluated body areas were not significant.Keywords: fur, quality, hair, rabbit, ChinchillaReferencesBRUMWELL, W. (1928) The Chinchilla Rabbit – Its Breeding For Profit. Bradford: Wathmous.COVRIG, I. et al. (2013) The C locus: rabbit genetics for full color development, chinchilla, seal, sable, pointed black and red-eyed full white. Rabbit Genetics, vol. 3, no. 1.DAHIYA, M.S., YADAV, S.K. (2013) Scanning Electron Microscopic Characterization and Elemental Analysis of Hair: A Tool in Identification of Felidae Animals. J Forensic Res, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 178.DEEDRICK, D.W., KOCH, S. (2004) Microscopy of Hair Part II: A Practical Guide and Manual for Animal Hairs. Forensic science communications, vol. 6, no. 3.FIK, M. et al. (2011) Assessment of wire haired dachshund hair quality. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 14, pp. 81–84 (in Slovak).FRANCK, R.R. (2001) Silk, Mohair, Cashmere and Other Luxury Fibres. UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited in association with The Textile Institute, pp. 136–137.HUANG, D.W. et al. (2016) Location of genes associated with hair length of rabbit. In Proceedings 11th World Rabbit Congress. Qingdao – China 15–18. 6. 2016. WorldChina: Rabbit Science Association.KOPAŃSKI, R. (1965) Elementary of furriers. Warszawa: Państwowe wydawnictwo rolnicze i leśne (in Polish).MAMOJKOVÁ, E. (2012) Evaluation of the breeding level of Little Chinchilla in Slovakia: bachelor thesis. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak).MAMOJKOVÁ, E. (2014) Evaluation of quality of hairs and coat in Little Chinchilla rabbit breed: Diploma thesis. Nitra: SPU (in Slovak).MENGÜC, G. et al. (2014) Physical Properties of Angora Rabbit Fibers. American Journal of Materials Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 11–13.ROGERS, A.D. et al. (2006). Fiber Production and Properties in Genetically Furred and Furless Rabbits. Journal of Animal Science, vol. 84, pp. 2566–2574.VERHOEF-VERHALLENOVÁ, E. (2000) Encyclopedia of rabbits and rhodents. Čestlice: Rebo Productions (in Czech).ZHANG, Y. et al. (2011) Structure Structural Characteristics of Rabbit Hair. Trans Tech Publications, vol. 332–334, pp. 1073–1076

The analysis of serum mineral profile of cows before and after calving: A case study

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-14 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.89-92High-yielding dairy cows have several critical periods during lactation. These include the drying period, parturition, postpartum period and the first 100 days of lactation. The mineral profile displays the balanced feed ration appropriate for the category. Therefore, investigation of serum mineral profile of dry cows and cows in 12th week after calving was the aim of this study. In this work 12 high producing Holstein Friesian dairy cows from dairy farm were used. The analysed elements Ca2+, P, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and chlorides (Cl-) were determined at 4th week after drying  and during 12th week after calving. The data obtained were compared with the standard for dairy cows. Compared to reference interval, before calving 8 and after calving 5 cows had hypocalcaemia. Hypophosphatemia was detected for 2 cows before calving and 3 after calving. For the other elements Na, K, Mg2+ and chlorides (Cl-) no deviations from the reference intervals were found. In blood serum mineral profile between dry cows and cows in 12th week of lactation significant differences were found for Mg Cl- (increase) and K (decrease). Results shown, that main problem of dry and lactating cows was the hypocalcaemia and partly the hypophosphatemia.Keywords: metabolic test, mineral profile, blood serum, dairy cowReferencesAiello, S. E. (1998). The Merck veterinary manual (No. Ea9 DEPOSITO FV).Bertoni, G., Trevisi, E., & Lombardelli, R. (2009). Some new aspects of nutrition, health conditions and fertility of intensively reared dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8(4), 491-518. 10.4081/ijas.2009.491Blood, D.C., &Radostits, O.M. (1994). Veterinary Medicine: A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 8th ed. W.B. Saunders Co.Burke, C. R., Meier, S., McDougall, S., Compton, C., Mitchell, M., & Roche, J. R. (2010). Relationships between endometritis and metabolic state during the transition period in pasture-grazed dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 93(11), 5363-5373. 10.3168/jds.2010-3356 Donat, K., Siebert, W., Menzer, E., & Söllner-Donat, S. (2016). Long-term trends in the metabolic profile test results in German Holstein dairy herds in Thuringia, Germany. Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere/Nutztiere, 44(02), 73-82.  10.15653/TPG-150948Gross, J., van Dorland, H. A., Bruckmaier, R. M., & Schwarz, F. J. (2011). Performance and metabolic profile of dairy cows during a lactational and deliberately induced negative energy balance with subsequent realimentation. Journal of dairy science, 94(4), 1820-1830. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3707Hadžimusić, N., & Krnić, J. (2012). Values of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in blood plasma of cows in dependence on the reproductive cycle and season. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istambul University, 38(1), 1-8.Hanušovský, O., Šimko, M., & Bíro, D. (2017) Kontinuálne sledovanie parametrov bachorového prostredia využitím prenosu dát nízkofrekvenčným signálom. Nitra: Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, ISBN 978-80-552-1746-8.Hofírek, B., Dvořák, R., Němeček, L., Doležel, R., & Pospíšil, Z. (2009). Nemoci skotu. 1. vyd., Brno: Noviko as, Česká buiatrická společnost, 1149 s.Jovanovic, J.M., Rajic, I., Pesterac, V., Crcev, D., & Cokrevski, S. (1997). Parametri krvi visoko steonih i tek oteljenih krava hranjenih obrocima razlicitog sastava. Veterinarski Glasnik 51, 231-244.Kahn, C. M. (2005). The Merck Veterinary Manual 9th ed. White house station, NJ, USA, Merck & CO. Kaneko, J.J. (2008). Carbohydrate Metabolism and Its Diseases. In: Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W., Bruss, M.L., (Eds.), Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 6th ed. New York, Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012396305-5/50004-XKantíková, M., & Balážik, T. (2003). Diagnostika metabolických porúch alebo prevencia. Slovenský chov, 8(7), 39-40.Kraft, W. (Ed.). (2005). Klinische labordiagnostik in der tiermedizin. Schattauer Verlag.LeBlanc, S. J., Leslie, K. E., & Duffield, T. F. (2005). Metabolic predictors of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle. Journal of dairy science, 88(1), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72674-6Palmer, L. S., & Eckles, C. H. (1927). Effect of Phosphorus Deficient Rations on Blood Composition in Cattle. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 24(4), 307-309. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-24-3341Prodanović, R., Kirovski, D., Jakić-Dimić, D., Vujanac, I., & Kureljušić, B. (2010). Telesna kondicija i pokazatelji energetskog statusa krava u visokom graviditetu i ranoj fazi laktacije. Veterinarski glasnik, 64(1-2), 43-52. 10.2298/VETGL1002043PSchröder, B., & Breves, G. (2006). Mechanisms and regulation of calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in pigs and ruminants: comparative aspects with special emphasis on hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Animal Health Research Reviews, 7(1-2), 31. 10.1017/S1466252307001144 Šamanc, H., Stojić, V., Kirovski, D., Jovanović, M., Cernescu, H., & Vujanac, I. (2010). Thyroid hormones concentrations during the mid-dry period: An early indicator of fatty liver in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Journal of thyroid research, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/897602Šimko, M., Bíro, D., Čerešňáková, Z., Juráček, M., & Gálik, B. (2009). The effect of wheat and maize meal on rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility in cattle. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 42(Supplement), 99-103.Slanina, Ľ., & Sokol, J. (1991). Vademecum veterinárneho lekára. Bratislava, Príroda

The impact of the humic acid and phytobiotics on performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens

Received: 2018-05-29 | Accepted: 2018-05-29 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.173-178The aim of this experiment was to determine the influence of humic substances, and combination humic substances and selected phytobiotics on production and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. In experiment from total 200 one-day-old ROSS 308 chickens were randomized into four groups (n = 50). The control group was fed with basal diet (BD) without any additives. Group of chickens marked as treatment 1 (T1) was fed a BD containing 2% of humic acid, the group marked as treatment 2 (T2) was fed a BD containing 78% of humic acids, 18% of garlic powder (Allium sativum L.), 1% of milled dried leaves of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), 1% of milled dried leaves of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), 1% of milled dried leaves of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and 1% of milled dried leaves of bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), together 2 kg /100kg complete feed mixture (BD). In the group marked as treatment T3 were chicken fed with BD containing industrially produced coccidiostats. Experiment lasted 42 days. At the end of the experiment was average body weight (values in the order of the groups: 1808.03 ±212.39; 1981.75 ±203.32; 1895.59 ±178.75 and 1955.31 ±237.16 g ±SD) significantly higher (P0.05).Keywords: Allium sativum L., Artemisa absinthium, broiler chicken, carcass parameters, humic acid, Menyanthes trifoliata, Origanum vulgare, performance parameters, Thymus vulgarisReferencesAlipour, F., Hassanabadi, A., Golian, A., Nassiri-Moghaddam, H. (2015) Effect of plant extracts derived from thyme on male broiler performance. Poutry Science, 94 (11), 2630-2634. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev220Bacler-Żbikowska, B. (2012) Zasoby gatunkowe cennych roślin leczniczych powiatu włoszczowskiego. Część 3 – bobrek trójlistkowy Menyanthes trifoliata L. Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis, 66 (6), 7-12.Bertella, A,  Benlahcen, K,  Abouamama, S., Pinto, D.C.G.A., Maamar, K., Kihal, M., Silva, A.M.S. (2018)  Artemisia herba-alba Asso. essential oil antibacterial activity and acute toxicity. Industrial Crops and Products, 116, 137-143.  DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.064Ceylan, N., Çiftçi, İ., İlhan, Z. (2003) The effects of some alternative feed additives for antibiotic growth promoters on the performance and gut microflora of broiler chicks. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 27 (3), 727-733.Diaz-Sanchez, S., D’Souza, D., Biswas, D., Hanning, I. (2015) Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry production. Poultry Science,  94 (6), 1419-1430.  DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev014Giannenas, I., Bonos, E., Christaki, E., Florou-Paneri, P. (2018) Oregano: A Feed Additive with Functional Properties. In: Therapeutic Foods, A volume in Handbook of Food Bioengineering, 179–208.Hafeez, A., Manner, K., Schieder, C., Zentek, J.  (2016) Effect of supplementation of phytogenic feed additives (powdered vs.encapsulated) on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Science,  95 (3), 622-629. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev368Haselmeyer, A., Zentek, J., Chizzola, R. (2014) Effects of thyme as a feed additive in broiler chickens on thymol in gut contents, blood plasma, liver and muscle. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95 (3), 504508. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6758 Hassan, H.M.A., M.A. Mohamed, A.W. Youssef, E.R. Hassan, (2010) Effect of using organic acids to substitute antibiotic growth promoters on performance and intestinal microflora of broilers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23, (10) 1348-1353. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2013-00901Issa, K. M., Omar, J. M. A. (2012) Effect of garlic powder on performance and lipid profile of broilers. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2 (2), 62-68. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2012.22010Kamali Sangani A, Masoudi A.A, Hosseini S.A (2014) The effects of herbal plants on mucin 2 gene expression and performance in ascetic broilers. IJVM 8 (1), 47-52.Khan, U, Nikousefat, Z, Tufarelli, V, Naz, S,Javdani, M, Laudadio, V. (2010) Garlic (Allium sativum L.) supplementation in poultry diets: effect on production and physiology. World's Poultry Science Journal,   68 (3), 417-24.Kuldeep Dhama, Ruchi Tiwari, Rifat Ullah Khan et al. (2014) Growth Promoters and Novel Feed Additives Improving Poultry Production and Health, Bioactive Principles and Beneficial Applications: The Trends and Advances-A Review. International Journal of Pharmacology, 10 (3), 129-159. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2014.129.159Lala, A. O., Okwelum, N., Oso, A. O., Ajao, A. O., Adegbenjo, A. A. (2017) Response of Broiler Chickens to Varying Dosage of Humic Acid in Drinking Water. Journal of Animal Production Research, 29 (1), 288-294.  Mansoub, N.H. (2011) Comparative Effects of Using Garlic as Probiotic on Performance and Serum Composition of Broiler Chickens. Annals of Biological Research, 2 (3), 486-490.Marcinčáková, D., Mačanga, J., Nagy, J., Marcinčák, S., Popelka, P., Vašková, J., Jaďuttová, I., Mellen, M. (2015) Effect of supplementation of the diet with humic acids on growth performance and carcass yield of broilers. Folia Veterinaria, 59 (3), 165-168.Milošević, N., Vidica Stanaćev, V.,  Perić, L., Stojčić, M. D., Veljić, M. (2013)  Effects of different levels of garlic powder in the diet on production parameters and slaughter traits of broiler chickens. Einfluss verschiedener Zulagen an Knoblauchpulver zum Futter auf Leistung und Schlachtkörpermerkmale von Broilern.  Archiv für Geflügelkunde., 77 (4), 254-259.Nagaraju, R., Reddy, B.S., Gloridoss, R., Suresh, B.N., Ramesh, C. (2014) Effect of dietary supplementation of humic acids on performance of broilers. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 84 (4), 447-452.Ozturk, E., Ocak, N., Turan, A.,  Cankaya, S. (2012) Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92 (1), 59-65.Peek, H., W.,  Landman, W., J., M.  (2011)  Coccidiosis in poultry: anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies, 31 (3), 143-161. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2011.605247Pourmahmoud, B.,  Aghazadeh, A. M., Sis, N. M. (2013) The effect of thyme extract on growth performance, digestive organ weights and serum lipoproteins of broilers fed wheat- based diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 12 (3), 337-341. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2013.e53Ramiah, S. K., Zulkifli, I., Rahim, N. A. A., Ebrahimi, M., Meng, G. Y. (2014) Effects of Two Herbal Extracts and Virginiamycin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microflora Population and Fatty Acid Composition in Broiler Chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27 (3), 375-382. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13030Samanthi, K.A.M.,  Nayananjalie, W.A.D., Adikari, A.M.J.B., Liyanag, R.  (2015) Dietary Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Supplementation on Performance, Meat Quality and Lipid Profile in Broilers. Rajarata University Journal, 3, 17-24SAS. User’s Guide 2005. Version 9.1(TS1M3). 2005. SAS Institute Inc., Carry.Seddiek, S.A., Ali, M. M., Khater, H. F., El-Shorbagy, M. M.  (2011) Anthelmintic activity of the white wormwood, Artemisia herba-alba against Heterakis gallinarum infecting turkey poults. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5 (16), 3946-3957.Slyranda Baltini Aji, Kennedy Ignatius, Asha´Adatu Y. Ado, Joel Bakari Nuhu, Auwal Abdulkarim, Usman Aliyu, Muhammad Bello Gambo, Mohammed Adamu Ibrahim, Haruna Akubakar, Mohammed M. Bukar, Hama´Adama M., Imam and Patrik T. Numan. (2011) Effect of feeding Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum) on some Performance Characteristic of Broiler Chickens. Research Journal of Poultry Science, 4 (2), 22-27. Stanaćev, V., Glamočić, D., Milošević, N., Puvača, N., Stanaćev, V., Plavša, N. (2011) Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in fattening chick’s nutrition. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (4), 943-948.Šamudovská, A., Demeterová, M.  (2010) Effect of Diet Supplemented with Natural Humic Compounds and Sodium Humate on Performance and Selected Metabolic Variables in Broiler Chickens. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 79 (3), 385-393. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079030385Taklimi, S.M.S.M., Ghahri, H., Isakan, M.A. (2012) Influence of different levels of humic acid and esterified glucomannan on growth performance  and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Agricultural Sciences, 3 (5), 663-668. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.35080Toghyani, M., Tohidi, M., Gheisari, A. A, Tabeidian, S. A. (2010) Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter. African Journal Biotechnology, 9 (40), 6819-6825.Wunderlich, F., Al-Quraishy, S.,  Steinbrenner, H.,  Sies, H.,  Dkhil, M. A. (2014)Towards identifying novel anti-Eimeria agents: trace elements, vitamins, and plant-based natural products.  Parasitology Research, 113 (10), 3547-3556. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4101-8Zamora, G., M., Melendez, L. A. D., Hume, M.E., Vazquez, R. S.  (2017) Performance, blood parameters, and carcass yield of broiler chickens supplemented with Mexican oregano oil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia-Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 46 (6), 515-520.  DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-9290201700060000

Comparison of the Emanox and Sulfacox coccidiostats in broiler rabbit farming

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.01.10–14Received 18. November 2014 ǀ Accepted 16. March 2015 ǀ Available online 31. March 2015The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of two different preparations against rabbit’s coccidiosis - naturally based preparation Emanox and conventional preparation Sulfacox - on selected production indicators. Preparations against coccidiosis were administered in the form of a beverage from weaning (42 days old) until the 60 days old. In the period of 84 days of rabbit’s age average body weight in the Emanox group reached 2673.40 g, while in the Sulfacox group live weight was 2704.73 g. In the Emanox group 4 cases of death was recorded during the fattening, which has occurred within 51 to 66 days of age. In the Sulfacox group only two cases of death were registered at age 53 and 57 days, both caused by rabbit’s constipation. Total feed consumption over the fattening period in the Emanox group was 121.99 kg and the average consumption of the complete feed mixture per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.52 kg. In the Sulfacox group the total consumption of 122.56 kg of feed during fattening period was recorded and average consumption of complete feed mixture per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.21 kg. Preparation Emanox PMX is a suitable alternative to conventional chemical preparations. Keywords: Emanox PMX, rabbit’s coccidiosis, coccidiostats, rabbits fattenin

Reproduction performances, growth and slaughter traits analysis of rabbit of Nitra breed

Received: 2018-05-11 | Accepted: 2018-05-14 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.162-165The aim of the research was to analyse the Rabbit of Nitra in terms of its reproduction and production performance. All rabbits used for research were raised within a home environment (4 breeding sources). The research was focused on reproduction parameters (the number of live born kits, the number of weaned kits), growth parameters – growth performance (1st day, 21st day, 42nd day to 119th day), slaughter parameters (dressing out percentage, the weight of individual parts of carcass body). Detected live weight in adult males weight was 5291.48 ±546.39 g. In adult females average live weight was 4623.10 ±458.41 g. The weight of live born pups of rabbits on day 1 was 57.84 ±1.08 g, weight on 21st day 310.09 ±7.21 g, weight on 42nd day from 1034.26 ±50.70 g up to 1128.13 ±30.78 g, 77th day from 2126.48 ±85.49 g up to 2243.70 ±47.07 g and 91th day from 2379.29 ±31.22 g up to 2653.53 ±37.86 g. An average dressing out percentage was 62.47±0.23%.  Keywords: dressing performance, growth performance, meat production performance, rabbits ReferencesBianospino, E., Wechsler, F.S., Moura, A.S.A.M.T., Fernandes, S. (2004) Growth traits and dressing percentage of straightbred and crossbred rabbits. In: Proceeding 8th World Rabbit Congress. [Online] Available at: https://world-rabbit-science.com/WRSA-Proceedings/Congress-2004 Puebla/Papers/Meat%20Quality/Q-Bianospono-2.pdf [Accessed 1 September 2017].Bízková, Z., Tůmová, E. (2009) Evaluation of rabbit meat yield.  Maso, 20 (5), 48-50.Blasco, A., Ouhayoun, J. (1996) Harmonization of criteria and terminology in rabbit    meat research. Revised proposal. World rabbit science, 4 (2), 93-99. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1996.278Bolet, G., Brun, J.M.,  Levechestrier, S., Lopez, M., Boucher, S.(2004) Evaluation of the reproductive performance of eight rabbit breeds on experimental farms. Animal Research, 53 (1), 59-65. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/animres:2003043 Dalle Zotte, A. (2000) Main factors influencing the rabbit carcass and meat quality. In: Proceeding of 7th World Rabbit Congress. [Online] Available at: https://world-rabbit-science.com/WRSA-Proceedings/Congress-2000-Valencia/Papers/Growth&%20Meat/Q00-DalleZotte.pdf. [Accessed 1 September 2017].Dalle Zotte, A. (2002) Perception of rabbit meat quality and major factors influencing the rabbit carcass and meat quality. Livest. Prod. Sci., 75, 11-32. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00308-6  Dokoupilová, A., Mach, K., Majzlík, I., Zavadilová, L. (2006) Use of traditional breeds for breeding and hybridization of broiler rabbit. In: Current trends in broiler rabbit breeding. Nitra: Research institute for animal production Nitra, 31-38.Jenisová, E. (2013) Quality of broiler rabbit carcass from small stud. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture.Lukefahr, S.D., Hohenboken, W.D., Cheeke, P.R., Patton, N.M. (1983) Appraisal of nine genetic groups of rabbits for carcass and lean yield traits. Journal of Animal Science, 57, 899-907. In: Tůmová, E.,  Martinec, M., Chodová, D. Analysis of Czech rabbit genetic resources.Mach, K., Majzlík, I., Zavadilová, L. (2006) The fattening and slaughter value of the final hybrids ♂PS59x♀PS19 depending on slaughter weight. In: Current trends in broiler rabbit breeding. Nitra: Research institute for animal production Nitra, 21-30.Mach, K.  (1992) Selected genetic and production aspects of rabbit meat production. Association professor thesis. Prague: Faculty of Agronomy, Czech University of Life Sciences.Skřivanová, V., Marounek, M., Tůmová, E., Skřivan, M., Laštovková, J. (2000) Performance, carcass yield and quality of meat in broiler rabbits: a comparison of six genotypes. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 45, 91-95.Šmehýl, P. (2010) The breeding of specialized broiler rabbit lines for intensive farming, Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture.Šmehýl, P. (2017) Growth traits of synthetic broiler rabbit lines. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture.Topczewska, J., Rogowska, A., Gacek, L. A. (2013) The effect of breed on reproductive performance in commodity rabbit production. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 14 (2), 828-835 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/14.2.1271 Tůmová, E., Martinec, M., Chodová, D.  (2011) Analysis of Czech rabbit genetic resources Scientia agriculturae bohemica, 42, 2011 (3), 113–118  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292703080Tůmová, E., Hrstka, Z. (2013) Comparison of the quality of nutria meat and rabbit. Maso, 24 (5), 47-50.Tůmová, E., Martinec, M., Volek, Z., Härtlová, H., Chodová, D., Bízková, Z. (2013) A study of growth and some blood parameters in Czech rabbits. World Rabbit Sciente, 21 (4), 251-256. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2013.1320Vašíčková, K., Ondruška, Ľ., Baláži, A., Parkányi, V., Vašíček, D. (2016) Genetic characterization of Nitra rabbits and Zobor rabbit. Slovak Journal of Animal Science. 49 (3), 104-111.Volek, Z., Volková, L., Tůmová, E., Chodová, D. (2013) Vliv restrikce krmiva na úžitkovost, kvalitu masa a jatečného těla králíků plemene český albín. Maso, 24 (2), 55-57.Zawiślak, J., Świecicka, N., Surma, D., Bernacka, H. (2015) Analysis of factors affecting the final body weight in selected rabbit breeds. 16 (2), 28-37. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/16.2.158

Comparative study of productive performance and carcass parameters of Oravka, Amrock and their reciprocal crossbred chickens

Received: 2018-06-06 | Accepted: 2018-06-08 | Available online: 2018-11-26https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.04.183-185The objective of this study was to compare the pure chicken breeds Oravka (OR; n = 50), Amrock (AM; n = 50) and their cross Oravka×Amrock (ORAM; n = 50) and Amrock×Oravka (AMOR; n = 50) for productive and carcass parameters. The birds were maintained on a deep litter system for a period of 20 weeks. We recorded that crossbred ORAM and AMOR chickens performed better than the average of parental genotypes for body weight and body weight gain in brooding and growing period. The poor (P0.05) difference among pure and crossbred chickens. The highest carcass yield was observed in ORAM (62.53%) followed by AMOR (62.48%), AM (62.41%) and OR (62.39%) chickens.Keywords: body conformation, body weight, chicken, crossbreding, feed utilityReferencesAdebambo, A.O. (2011) Combining abilities among four breeds of chicken for feed efficiency variation: a preliminary assessment for chicken improvement in Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43, 1465-1466. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9844-yAlmasi, A., Suto, Z., Budai, Z., Donko, T., Milisits, G., Horn, P. (2012) Effect of age, sex and strain on growth, body composition and carcass characteristics of dual purpose type chicken. World´s Poultry Science Journal, Supplement 1, 47-50.Besbes, B. (2009) Genotype evaluation and breeding of poultry for performance under sub-optimal village conditions. World´s Poultry Science Journal, 65, 260-271. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.10.17/50043933909000221Brickett, K.E., Dahiya, J.P., Classen, H.L., Gomis, S. (2007) Influence of dietary nutrient density, feed form, and lighting on growth and meat yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 86, 2172-2181.Duncan, D.B. (1955). The Multiple Range and Multiple F-test. Biometrics, 11, 1-42. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3001478Havenstein, G.B., Ferket, P.R., Qureshi, M.A. (2003) Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poultry Science, 82, 1509-1518.Hoffmann, I. (2005) Research and investment in poultry genetic resources-challengs and options for sustainable use. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 61, 57-69. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1079/WPS200449Iraqi, M.M., Afifi, E.A., Abdel-Ghany, A.M., Afram, M. (2005) Diallel crossing analysis for livability data involving two standard and two native Egyptian chicken breeds. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 17 (7).Janocha, A., Osek, M., Klocek, B., Wasilowska, Z., Turyk, Z. (2003) Quality evaluation of broiler chickens of various genetic groups. Appl. Sci. Rep. Anim. Prod. Rev., 68, 141-148.JASP 0.8.6 software (2018).Khawaja, T., Khan, S. H., Mukhtar, N., Parveen, A. (2012) Comparative study of growth performance, meat quality and haematological parameters of Fayoumi, Rhode Island Red and their reciprocal crossbred chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 11, e39. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e39Khawaja, T., Khan, S. H., Parveen, A., Iqbal, J. (2016) Growth performance, meat composition and haematological parameters of first generation of newly evolved hybridized pure chicken and their crossbred parents. Veterinarski Arhiv, 86 (1), 135-148.Nawar, M.E., Aly, O.M., Abd El-Hamid, A.E. (2004) The effect of crossing on some economic traits in chickens. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 24, 163-176.Sengül, T., Cetin, M., Konca, Y., Yildiz, A. (2003) Comparison of growth performance and carcass yield of some commercial broilers. Journal of Poultry Research, 3 (1), 12-16.Sharaf, M.M., Mandour, M.A., Taha, A.E. (2006) Effect of diallel crossing on same growth performance, carcass traits and immune response against new castle disease virus vaccine of Japanese quails. Egyptian Poultry Science, 3, 1451-1470

Hypoglycemia and the Origin of Hypoxia-Induced Reduction in Human Fetal Growth

The most well known reproductive consequence of residence at high altitude (HA >2700 m) is reduction in fetal growth. Reduced fetoplacental oxygenation is an underlying cause of pregnancy pathologies, including intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia, which are more common at HA. Therefore, altitude is a natural experimental model to study the etiology of pregnancy pathophysiologies. We have shown that the proximate cause of decreased fetal growth is not reduced oxygen availability, delivery, or consumption. We therefore asked whether glucose, the primary substrate for fetal growth, might be decreased and/or whether altered fetoplacental glucose metabolism might account for reduced fetal growth at HA.Doppler and ultrasound were used to measure maternal uterine and fetal umbilical blood flows in 69 and 58 residents of 400 vs 3600 m. Arterial and venous blood samples from mother and fetus were collected at elective cesarean delivery and analyzed for glucose, lactate and insulin. Maternal delivery and fetal uptakes for oxygen and glucose were calculated.The maternal arterial – venous glucose concentration difference was greater at HA. However, umbilical venous and arterial glucose concentrations were markedly decreased, resulting in lower glucose delivery at 3600 m. Fetal glucose consumption was reduced by >28%, but strongly correlated with glucose delivery, highlighting the relevance of glucose concentration to fetal uptake. At altitude, fetal lactate levels were increased, insulin concentrations decreased, and the expression of GLUT1 glucose transporter protein in the placental basal membrane was reduced.Our results support that preferential anaerobic consumption of glucose by the placenta at high altitude spares oxygen for fetal use, but limits glucose availability for fetal growth. Thus reduced fetal growth at high altitude is associated with fetal hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and a trend towards lactacidemia. Our data support that placentally-mediated reduction in glucose transport is an initiating factor for reduced fetal growth under conditions of chronic hypoxemia

Invocation Receptivity in Rabbit Does

The aim of this work was to verify the effect of parsley garden (Petroselinum crispum) on the receptivity in young female broiler rabbits. Nulliparous females of broiler hybrid HYCOLE (age 4-5 months, weight 3.5-3.8 kg) were used for this experiment. Experiment was conducted twice, in half of November (35 females) and in half of February (36 females). Females were laid individually in cages. Females were fed with granulated feed. Parsley garden (root parsley - 50g / female) was given over three days period (day 1, day 2, day 3). Before and after the experiment we recorded the state of receptivity in females with coloration of vulva. The state of receptivity was determined from 1 for 4 color of vulva. We detected positive state of parsley diet, on the receptivity. In November before the experiment was conducted the average of receptivity was 1.74 and after the experiment it was 2.11. The state of receptivity will be improved in 10 females (28.57 %). The state of receptivity wasn´t changed in 25 females (71.43 %). In February before the experiment was conducted the average of receptivity was 2.13 and after the experiment it was 2.72. The state of receptivity was improved in 18 females (50.00%). The state of receptivity wasn´t changed in 18 females (50.00 %)

Occurrence of introduced species of the genus Cercyon (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) in the Neotropical Region

Se presenta una revisión de las especies exóticas del género Cercyon Leach introducidas en la región Neotropical, y dos especies se registran por primera vez para la misma: Cercyon (Paracercyon) laminatus Sharp de Chile y C. (s.str.) haemorrhoidalis Fabricius de la Argentina. Cercyon panamensis Hansen, n. sin., es considerada sinónimo de C. (s.str.) nigriceps (Marsham). Esta última especie se registra por primera vez para Brasil, Costa Rica, la República Dominicana, Panamá, Paraguay y Trinidad y Tobago, además se mencionan datos adicionales sobre su presencia en Jamaica. Cercyon depressus subsp. uruguayanus Knisch es considerada sinónimo de C. (s.str.) depressus Stephens y se designa su lectotipo, esta última especie es registrada por primera vez para Chile. Se exponen registros adicionales de C. (s.str.) quisquilius (Linnaeus) para México y la Argentina, y se menciona por primera vez la presencia de esta especie en Chile. Se confirma la existencia reciente de C. praetextatus (Say) en la Argentina. Se provee una lista de las especies de Cercyon introducidas en la región Neotropical. Cercyon obsoletus (Gyllenhal) y C. limbatus Mannerheim son eliminadas de la fauna Neotropical