Distribution of P-values for 10,000 two sample t tests for Lognormal data.

<p>Means were compared between two groups of 10 observations from a Lognormal distribution.</p

P-values for chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests for large groups of varying size.

<p>Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test, both two-sided and one-sided, were calculated for10,000 comparisons in samples of size 2,000, both group and outcome having probability 0.5 of being 0 and 0.5 of being 1.</p

Distribution of P-values for chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact tests for two by two tables.

<p>Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test, both two-sided and one-sided, were calculated for the comparison of two samples of size 10 with a binary outcome variable with probability 0.5 of being 0 and 0.5 of being 1.</p

Distribution of P-values for 10,000 two sample t tests for Normal data.

<p>Means were compared between two groups of 10 observations from a Standard Normal distribution.</p

P-values for chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests for large samples with fixed size groups.

<p>Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test, both two-sided and one-sided, were calculated for10,000 comparisons of two samples of size 1,000 with a binary outcome variable with probability 0.5 of being 0 and 0.5 of being 1.</p

Additional file 1: of Fluid responsiveness prediction using Vigileo FloTrac measured cardiac output changes during passive leg raise test

Study dataset. (CSV 8 kb

Flow chart for included studies.

<p>Flow chart for included studies.</p

Confidence interval overlap and agreement between study designs.

<p>Confidence interval overlap and agreement between study designs.</p

Ratio of odds ratios of adverse effects in study design comparisons.

<p>Ratio of odds ratios of adverse effects in study design comparisons.</p

Funnel plot of distribution of RORs from meta-analyses of cohort/cross-sectional studies compared to case-control studies.

<p>Funnel plot of distribution of RORs from meta-analyses of cohort/cross-sectional studies compared to case-control studies.</p