Residual activity of IRS in experimental huts lined with cement plastered walls using WHO cone bioassays and insecticide susceptible <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Kisumu strain.

<p>Residual activity of IRS in experimental huts lined with cement plastered walls using WHO cone bioassays and insecticide susceptible <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Kisumu strain.</p

Monthly mortality rates of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> in experimental huts lined with mud plastered walls.

<p>Monthly mortality rates of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> in experimental huts lined with mud plastered walls.</p

Summary results of indoor residual spray (IRS) treatments against <i>An.gambiae</i> and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> over 12 months in mud lined experimental huts.

<p>Results in columns not sharing the same superscript are significantly different at the 5% level.</p

Monthly mortality rates of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> in experimental huts lined with mud plastered walls.

<p>Monthly mortality rates of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> in experimental huts lined with mud plastered walls.</p

Summary results of indoor residual spray (IRS) treatments against <i>An.gambiae</i> and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> over 12 months in cement lined experimental huts.

<p>Results in columns not sharing the same superscript are significantly different at the 5% level.</p

Monthly mortality rates of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> in experimental huts lined with cement plastered walls.

<p>Monthly mortality rates of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> in experimental huts lined with cement plastered walls.</p

Determination of diagnostic concentration of pirimiphos methyl in silicon oil in WHO susceptibility tests. Mosquitoes were exposed for 1 h and mortality recorded 24 h later.

<p>Determination of diagnostic concentration of pirimiphos methyl in silicon oil in WHO susceptibility tests. Mosquitoes were exposed for 1 h and mortality recorded 24 h later.</p

Monthly mortality rates of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> in experimental huts lined with cement plastered walls.

<p>Monthly mortality rates of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> in experimental huts lined with cement plastered walls.</p

Fecundity and Fertility of blood-fed <i>An. gambiae</i> females alive after 24 h from experimental huts.

a,b<p>Values along each row sharing the same letter superscript are not significantly different at the 5% level.</p

Susceptibility of mosquito strains to permethrin-treated papers (0.75%) in WHO cylinder bioassays.

<p>*samples were collected as larvae from breeding sites close to the experimental huts in Akron during the trial,</p>$<p>LT50 = time taken for 50% of mosquitoes to be killed.</p