Measurements of the optical mirror coating properties

The results of measurement of optical mirror coating are presented. These results indicate that Standard Quantum Limit of sensitivity can be reached in the second stage of LIGO project if it is limited by thermoelastic noise in the coating only.Comment: 5 page

THE NEED FOR NEEDS ANALYSIS IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN ESP COURSE: A REFLECTION ON CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

Curriculum development as the guide to instructional implementation should be able to ‘bridge the gaps’ of the needs among the parties in teaching learning process. Needs analysis is then a crucial step in curriculum development. It includes the needs of the intitution, the target needs, and for the most, the learners’ needs. Indonesian curriculum may change as the result of the current situation or policy, yet the concern remain the same, that is to identify needs and accomodate those needs. Introduction on curriculum development, a brief review on ESP, discussion on needs analysis, and reflection of the curriculum development in Indonesia related to needs analysis would be delivered in this article

ANALYSING TARGET COMMUNICATIVE NEEDS FOR ENGLISH FOR FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE COURSE

Every ESP course should be based on an analysis of needs. The current study was aimed at analysing the target needs related to the English for F&B Service course. It was revealed that; (1) The language functions of waiters in F&B Service department were closely related to the service sequence applied in the restaurants. Mostly, the functions for all hotels were the same, in which the differences were based on the characteristics of the hotel and restaurant, types of service, as well as the circumstances; (2) The language expressions needed were basically based on the tasks and varied based on the characteristics of the hotel and restaurant, types of service, the situation and condition. Results of the study implied that there was something beyond language skills that needs to be comprehended in order to be able to perform the tasks atF&B Service, especially as waiters. Task Based Learning with role play activities is suggested to facilitate the needs of communicative tasks

Lymphatic expression of CLEVER-1 in breast cancer and its relationship with lymph node metastasis

BACKGROUND Mechanisms regulating breast cancer lymph node metastasis are unclear. Staining of CLEVER-1 (common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1) in human breast tumors was used, along with in vitro techniques, to assess involvement in the metastatic process. METHODS 148 sections of primary invasive breast cancers, with 10 yr follow-up, were stained with anti-CLEVER-1. Leukocyte infiltration was assessed, along with involvement of specific subpopulations by staining with CD83 (mature dendritic cells, mDC), CD209 (immature DC, iDC) and CD68 (macrophage, Mϕ). In vitro expression of CLEVER-1 on lymphatic (LEC) and blood endothelial cells (BEC) was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vitro results showed that although both endothelial cell types express CLEVER-1, surface expression was only evident on LEC. In tumour sections CLEVER-1 was expressed in blood vessels (BV, 61.4% of samples), lymphatic vessels (LV, 18.2% of samples) and in Mϕ/DCs (82.4% of samples). However, only CLEVER-1 expression in LV was associated with LN metastasis (p = 0.027) and with Mϕ indices (p = 0.021). Although LV CLEVER-1 was associated with LN positivity there was no significant correlation with recurrence or overall survival, BV CLEVER-1 expression was, however, associated with increased risk of recurrence (p = 0.049). The density of inflammatory infiltrate correlated with CLEVER-1 expression in BV (p < 0.001) and LV (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The associations between CLEVER-1 expression on endothelial vessels and macrophage/leukocyte infiltration is suggestive of its regulation by inflammatory conditions in breast cancer, most likely by macrophage-associated cytokines. Its upregulation on LV, related surface expression, and association with LN metastasis suggest that it may be an important mediator of tumor cell metastasis to LN

Gauge Independence of IR singularities in Non-Commutative QFT - and Interpolating Gauges

IR divergences of a non-commutative U(1) Maxwell theory are discussed at the one-loop level using an interpolating gauge to show that quadratic IR divergences are independent not only from a covariant gauge fixing but also independent from an axial gauge fixing.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, v1 minor correction

Specific heat at the transition in a superconductor with fluctuating magnetic moments

In the heavy-fermion materials CeCoIn$_5$ and UBe$_{13}$, the superconducting order parameter is coupled to flucutating magnetization of the uncompensated part of the localized $f$-moments. We find that this coupling decreases the superconducting transition temperature and increases the jump of the specific-heat coefficient, which indicates entropy transfer from the magnetic to the superconducting degree of freedom at the transition temperature. Below the transition, we find that the magnetic fluctuations are suppressed. We discuss the relation of our results to experiments on CeCoIn$_5$ under pressure.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Shot noise measurements in NS junctions and the semiclassical theory

We present a new analysis of shot noise measurements in normal metal-superconductor (NS) junctions [X. Jehl et al., Nature 405, 50 (2000)], based on a recent semiclassical theory. The first calculations at zero temperature assuming quantum coherence predicted shot noise in NS contacts to be doubled with respect to normal contacts. The semiclassical approach gives the first opportunity to compare data and theory quantitatively at finite voltage and temperature. The doubling of shot noise is predicted up to the superconducting gap, as already observed, confirming that phase coherence is not necessary. An excellent agreement is also found above the gap where the noise follows the normal case.Comment: 2 pages, revtex, 2 eps figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Improved Estimates of Cosmological Perturbations

We recently derived exact solutions for the scalar, vector and tensor mode functions of a single, minimally coupled scalar plus gravity in an arbitrary homogeneous and isotropic background. These solutions are applied to obtain improved estimates for the primordial scalar and tensor power spectra of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background.Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX 2epsilon, this version corrects an embarrasing mistake (in the published version) for the parameter q_C. Affected eqns are 105, 109-110, 124, 148-153 and 155-15

The Importance of Slow-roll Corrections During Multi-field Inflation

We re-examine the importance of slow-roll corrections during the evolution of cosmological perturbations in models of multi-field inflation. We find that in many instances the presence of light degrees of freedom leads to situations in which next to leading order slow-roll corrections become significant. Examples where we expect such corrections to be crucial include models in which modes exit the Hubble radius while the inflationary trajectory undergoes an abrupt turn in field space, or during a phase transition. We illustrate this with two examples -- hybrid inflation and double quadratic inflation. Utilizing both analytic estimates and full numerical results, we find that corrections can be as large as 20%. Our results have implications for many existing models in the literature, as these corrections must be included to obtain accurate observational predictions -- particularly given the level of accuracy expected from CMB experiments such as PlanckComment: v1: 21 pages, 3 figures, 1 appendix. v2: clarifications to {\S}{\S}2.1, 3.1 and 4, {\S}5.3 added, references added, results unchanged. Matches published version in JCA

Grain-size distribution of volcaniclastic rocks 2: Characterizing grain size and hydraulic sorting

Quantification of the grain size distribution of sediments allows interpretation of processes of transport and deposition. Jutzeler et al. (2012) developed a technique to determine grain size distribution of consolidated clastic rocks using functional stereology, allowing direct comparison between unconsolidated sediments and rocks. Here, we develop this technique to characterize hydraulic sorting and infer transport and deposition processes. We compare computed grain size and sorting of volcaniclastic rocks with field-based characteristics of volcaniclastic facies for which transport and depositional mechanisms have been inferred. We studied pumice-rich, subaqueous facies of volcaniclastic rocks from the Oligocene Ohanapecosh Formation (Ancestral Cascades, Washington, USA), Pliocene Dogashima Formation (Izu Peninsula, Honshu, Japan), Miocene Manukau Subgroup (Northland, New Zealand) and the Quaternary Sierra La Primavera caldera (Jalisco State, Mexico). These sequences differ in bed thickness, grading and abundance of matrix. We propose to evaluate grain size and sorting of volcaniclastic deposits by values of their modes, matrix proportion (< 2 mm; F-1) and D16, instead of median diameter (D50) and standard deviation parameters. F-1 and D16 can be uniformly used to characterize and compare sieving and functional stereology data. Volcaniclastic deposits typically consist of mixtures of particles that vary greatly in density and porosity. Hydraulic sorting ratios can be used to test whether inferred density of mixed clast populations of pumice and dense clasts are hydraulically sorted with each other, considering various types of transport under water. Evaluation of this ratio for our samples shows that most studied volcaniclastic facies are deposited by settling from density currents, and that basal dense clast breccia are emplaced by shear rolling. These hydraulic sorting ratios can be applied to any type of clastic rocks, and indifferently on consolidated and unconsolidated samples