Valoración del cambio de composición corporal en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad incluidos en un tratamiento multidisciplinar: Estudio EVASYON

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Role of dietary pattern and obesity on telomere homeostasis

An important link has been found between telomere deregulation and several age- related diseases, such as cancer and metabolic diseases (Sanders and Newman 2013, Rizvi et al. 2014). Short telomeres have been described in peripheral blood cells from patients with cancer, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and in obese individuals

Effects of a B3-adrenergic agonist on the immuni response in diet-induced (cafeteria) obese animals

Molecules with affinity for b3-adrenoceptors are not only effective anti-obesity agents in rodent models, but may play a role in the regulation of the immune response. The aim of the current investigation was to analyse the effects of trecadrine on the immune response in diet-induced (cafeteria) obese rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups, the control group (C, n=9) was fed with the standard pelleted chow laboratory diet, while the other group was fed with a high-fat (cafeteria) diet. Cafeteria-fed rats were divided into two new subgroups (n=9 each), which received either i.p. saline (Obese, O) or trecadrine (1mg/kg/day) (Obese+trecadrine, O+T) daily for 5 weeks. Lymphocyte subpopulations and the proliferative response were determined by validated procedures. The administration of trecadrine was able to prevent the onset of obesity in cafeteria-fed rats. Trecadrine-treatment to obese animals appeared to improve the number of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+) as compared to those animals only receiving the high-fat diet, being the values of the trecadrine-treated animals on the high-fat diet similar to the control rats. However, the lymphoproliferative response when stimulated with several mitogens was markedly reduced by the cafeteria intake and was further decreased by the b3-adrenergic administration. The spleen mRNA expression level of UCP2, PPARg and Ob-Rb were not affected by the trecadrine treatment. Summing up, at the immune system level, trecadrine administration increased the proportion of CD4+ spleen lymphocytes, although it was not able to restore the lymphocyte proliferative response which was depressed.El agonista b3-adrenérgico trecadrine, es un conocido agente anti-obesidad, cuya eficacia ha sido previamente comprobada en modelos animales. Además, es conocida la implicación de los agonistas adrenérgicos b en la regulación de la respuesta inmune. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en investigar el efecto del trecadrine sobre la respuesta inmune en animales con obesidad inducida por una dieta rica en grasa (dieta de cafeteria). Así, ratas macho Wistar se dividieron en 2 grupos. El grupo control (C, n=9) se alimentó con pienso de laboratorio mientras que el grupo obeso, con dieta de cafetería (62% de lípidos por peso seco). El grupo alimentado con la dieta de cafetería se subdividió en 2 nuevos subgrupos (Obeso, O; y Obeso+trecadrine, O+T, cada uno n=9) y se les administró diariamente suero fisiológico o trecadrine por vía i.p. (1mg/kg/día), respectivamente. Las subpoblaciones linfocitarias y el ensayo de proliferación linfocitaria se determinaron mediante técnicas convencionales. El tratamiento con trecadrine consiguió prevenir la acumulacion de grasa en las ratas alimentadas con dieta de cafetería. Además, la administración del agonistas adrenértico b3 mejoró ligeramente la proporción de las subpoblaciones linfocitarias comparado con los animales que sólo recibieron la dieta de cafetería, siendo similares a los valores de las ratas control. Sin embargo, la respuesta linfoproliferativa después del estímulo de diferentes mitógenos, se redujo considerablemente por la ingestión de la dieta de cafetería y el tratamiento con trecadrine produjo una reducción aún más marcada. Los niveles de expresión del RNAm de UCP2, PPARg y Ob-Rb se vieron afectados tanto por la dieta de cafetería como por el tratamiento con trecadrine. En resumen, la administración del agonista adrenérgico b3 da lugar a un aumento del número de linfocitos de bazo en ratas obesas, pero no consigue restaurar la actividad mitogénicas de los linfocito

Effects of arachidonic acid on leptin secretion and expression in primary cultured rat adipocytes

Leptin, a hormone produced in adipocytes, is a key signal in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Several studies have suggested that leptin can be regulated by dietary macronutrients. Arachidonic acid is a dietary fatty acid known to affect cell metabolism. Controversial effects of this fatty acid on leptin have been reported. The aim of this experimental trial was to evaluate the effect of the arachidonic acid on basal and insulin-stimulated leptin secretion and expression in isolated rat adipocytes. Because insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism is an important regulator of leptin expression and secretion by the adipocytes, the effects of the arachidonic acid on indices of adipocyte metabolism were also examined. Isolated adipocytes were incubated with arachidonic acid (1-200 mM) in the absence and presence of insulin (1.6nM). Leptin secretion and expression, glucose utilization and lactate production were determined at 96 h. The arachidonic acid (200 mM) inhibited both the basal and insulin stimulated leptin secretion and expression. Glucose utilization was not affected by the acid. Basal lactate production was increased by the fatty acid at the highest concentration used (200 mM), however lactate production in presence of insulin was not modified. Finally, the percentage of glucose carbon released as lactate was significantly increased (200 mM). These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of the arachidonic acid on leptin may be due, al least in part, to the increase in the anaerobic utilization of glucose.La leptina es una hormona que participa en la regulación de la ingesta y del gasto energético. Varios estudios han sugerido que los niveles de esta hormona pueden ser regulados por los nutrientes de la dieta. Se conoce la capacidad del ácido araquidónico para influir en el metabolismo celular. Los efectos de este ácido sobre la leptina son contradictorios. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los efectos del ácido araquidónico tanto sobre la secreción basal de leptina como sobre la estimulada por insulina. Debido a que el metabolismo de la glucosa mediado por la insulina es un importante regulador de la expresión y secreción de leptina por los adipocitos, se han estudiado los efectos de este ácido graso sobre la captación de glucosa y su metabolismo. Para ello, los adipocitos aislados fueron incubados con ácido araquidónico (1-200 mM) en presencia y ausencia de insulina (1.6nM). Se determinaron la secreción y expresión de leptina, la captación de glucosa y la producción de lactato tras 96 horas de cultivo. El ácido araquidónico (200 mM) inhibió la secreción de leptina tanto en condiciones basales como tras la estimulación con insulina. La producción basal de lactato fue estimulada por el ácido araquidónico (200 mM). No se observaron modificaciones en la captación de glucosa, aunque el porcentaje de glucosa que se metaboliza hacia lactato se vió incrementado significativamente por el tratamiento con el ácido. Estos resultados sugieren que el efecto inhibitorio del ácido araquidónico sobre la leptina, puede ser debido, al menos en parte, al aumento de la utilización anaeróbica de la glucosa

Diet quality index as a predictor of treatment efficacy in overweight and obese adolescents: The EVASYON study

“This is an accepted version of an article published by Churchill Livingstone in Clinical Nutrition on April 2019, available at: doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.032.”Background and Aim A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual´s dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes. Methods To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n=117, aged: 13 to 16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents’ compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI. Results Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen´s d=0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes. Conclusions We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support.The study was supported by the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality via the Carlos III Institute of Health (FIS Grant PI051080, PI051579). The EVASYON study received the award for the best applied research project in 2009 from AESAN (Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs. The study was supported by Aragon's Regional Government (DGA, Diputacion General de Arag on ) and European Regional Development Fund

Diet quality index as a predictor of treatment efficacy in overweight and obese adolescents: The EVASYON study.

A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual's dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes. To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13-16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents' compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI. Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen's d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes. We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support

Effect of a 3-year lifestyle intervention on telomere length in participants from PREDIMED-Plus: A randomized trial

Background & aims: Short telomeres have been observed in chronic disease patients. Identifying envi- ronmental and lifestyle factors that could reduce telomere attrition is crucial for disease prevention. The aim of this work was to determine whether weight-loss induced by an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (erMedDiet) and physical activity (PA) could modify telomere length (TL). Methods: In 317 randomized non-smoker participants (mean age, 65.8 ± 4.98 years) with metabolic syndrome from two “Prevenci on con Dieta Mediterr anea-Plus” (PREDIMED-Plus) trial centers, we evaluated MedDiet adherence, PA, anthropometric variables and TL at baseline and after a 3-year intervention using an intensive lifestyle program (IG) with an erMedDiet and PA or an unrestricted MedDiet without PA promotion (CG). Results: Participants in the IG displayed greater 3-year weight reductions ( 3.7 ± 4 kg, P < 0.001) compared to those in the CG. No differences in TL changes between groups were observed in the cohort as a whole. However, an interaction was observed between the intervention group and sex for TL changes (pinteraction ¼ 0.039). Women in the IG showed an increase in TL after 3-y (þ0.25 ± 0.9, relative units) compared to women in the CG ( 0.07 ± 1.0) (p ANCOVA ¼ 0.036), whereas no differences between groups were observed in men. Women in the IG had a lower risk of telomere shortening after the intervention (OR ¼ 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05e0.64, p ¼ 0.008) compared to women in the CG. Conclusions: A 3-year lifestyle intervention based on an erMedDiet and PA slowed telomere shortening in women but not in men