Gene dynamics of toll-like receptor 4 through a population bottleneck in an insular population of water voles (Arvicola amphibius)

Acknowledgments We would like to thank all colleagues who have contributed to fieldwork and sampling during this study. We would especially like to thank Marius Wenzel and Sandra Telfer for collaboration with different aspects of the study, and Dave Jones and Nat Jones for Bartonella PCR assays. This work was supported by the BBSRC studentship to MKG (BB/J01446X/1) and a NERC studentship to MKO. The research was carried out under project license PPL 40/1813.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Recent changes in U. S. family finances: results from the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances

Using data from the Federal Reserve Board's two most recent Surveys of Consumer Finances, this article provides a detailed picture of changes in the financial condition of U.S. families between 1995 and 1998. The financial situation of families changed notably in the three-year period. While income continued a moderate upward trend, net worth grew strongly, and the increase in net worth was broadly shared by different demographic groups. A booming stock market accounts for a substantial part of the rise in net worth, but the data also suggest that improvements in financial circumstances extended to many families that did not own stocks. The indebtedness of families grew, but less rapidly than their assets. Nonetheless, compared with 1995, debt repayments in 1998 accounted for a larger share of the income of the typical family with debt, and the proportion of debtors who were late with their payments by sixty days or more in the year preceding the survey was also higher.Income ; Consumer behavior ; Saving and investment

Magnet Recognition Program for Nursing Excellence

No abstract available

Family finances in the U.S.: recent evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances

Using data that have just become available from the 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances along with data from the 1989 and 1992 versions of the survey, this article provides a detailed picture of recent changes in the income, net worth, assets, and liabilities of U.S. families. It also presents information on families' saving, unrealized capital gains, debt payments, and institutional providers of credit. Of the developments the article reports, a few are particularly noteworthy. First, between the 1992 and 1995 surveys, both median family income and median family net worth rose in constant dollars. The former, however, remained below the level measured in 1989, whereas the latter returned to the 1989 level. Second, the percentage of families who owned publicly traded stock and the amount of their holdings expanded greatly over the six-year period. Finally, there was little evidence of a serious rise in debt payment problems between 1992 and 1995, even though both the share of families with debt and the median amount of their debt rose.Consumer behavior ; Saving and investment

Alcohol and Analgesic Use in the Baby Boomer Cohort

If the population bubble known as the Baby Boomers continue to consume alcohol at higher than expected levels as they age into the middle and older adult categories it could have a substantial impact on future health care needs. This problem will be compounded if Boomers also take analgesic (pain-relief) medications when consuming alcohol. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of alcohol and analgesic usage in the Baby Boomer cohort and to ascertain whether there is an association between alcohol, analgesics, and pain. Drinking alcohol while also taking analgesics can have serious health consequences and, depending on the type of analgesic, could result in acute liver failure or other serious health problems. Data were analyzed from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for participants born during the Baby Boomer cohort years of 1946-1964. Analysis by SUDAAN indicated that approximately 67% of the Boomers are drinking alcohol beyond what is considered a moderate level by the CDC and NIAAA. More than half the respondents had used analgesics daily or almost every day for at least a month (females = 58.7%; males = 40.5%) and Boomers who are currently using analgesics (females = 19.35%; males = 16.34%). There was a significant association for respondents who reported consuming 12 or more drinks during the past 12 months and who were currently taking analgesics (p = 0.02). A statistically significant association found for respondents who reported experiencing persistent pain in the past 12 months and who had binged (5 or more drinks) at least once during the past 12 months with taking RX analgesics (CMH: p = 0.03, df = 1)

The Dancing Princesses (January 24-25, 1969)

Program for The Dancing Princesses (January 24-25, 1969)