Lipofilling : rôle de la centrifugation

Introduction : Le lipofilling s'est développé au cours du 20ème siècle, mais nécessite encore d'être amélioré, notamment à cause de sa grande variabilité. Dans cette revue de littérature, nous tenterons de déterminer les caractéristiques et les rôles de la centrifugation dans le transfert graisseux autologue. Méthodes : La discussion est fondée sur les 14 articles (Pubmed) qui traitent directement ou non de la centrifugation et ses implications. Discussion : Quelques auteurs s'accordent à penser que la centrifugation crée un gradient de cellules stromales le long du tube centrifugé et statuent que cette sous-couche dense de la phase graisseuse est la plus viable. La centrifugation apparaît donc délétère pour la partie peu dense du tissu prélevé, mais semble, pour certains, améliorer la survie de la sous-couche dense, puisqu'elle est enrichie en ADSC's/MSC's. Conclusion : Dans la mesure où le prélèvement est traumatique pour le tissu graisseux, son taux de survie est relativement faible. Mais si toutes les mesures sont prises en influant sur les déterminants de la prise de greffe, la survie s'optimise et les résultats sont meilleurs

Effect of national HIV testing recommendations and local interventions on HIV testing practices in a Swiss university hospital: a retrospective analysis between 2012 and 2015.

Despite HIV testing recommendations published by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) since 2007, many individuals living with HIV are diagnosed late in Switzerland. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the 2013 FOPH HIV testing recommendations on HIV testing rates. Ten clinical services at Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. Patients attending between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2015. Retrospective analysis using two existing hospital databases. HIV testing rates calculated as the percentage of tests performed (from the Immunology Service database) per number of patients seen (from the central hospital database). The primary outcome was testing rate change following the 2013 FOPH testing recommendations, comparing testing rates 2 years before and 2 years after their publication. Secondary outcomes were demographic factors of patients tested or not tested for HIV. 147 884 patients were seen during the study period of whom 9653 (6.5%) were tested for HIV, with 34 new HIV diagnoses. Mean testing rate increased from 5.6% to 7.8% after the recommendations (p=0.001). Testing rate increases were most marked in services involved in clinical trials on HIV testing, whose staff had attended training seminars on testing indications and practice. Testing rates were lower among older (aged >50 years), female and Swiss patients compared with younger, male and non-Swiss patients, both globally (p=0.001) and in specific clinical services. This simple two-database tool demonstrates clinical services in which HIV testing practice can be optimised. Improved testing rates in services involved in clinical trials on testing suggest that local engagement complements the effect of national recommendations. While, overall, HIV testing rates increased significantly over time, testing rates were lower among patients with similar demographic profiles to individuals diagnosed late in Switzerland

HIV Testing Practices by Clinical Service before and after Revised Testing Guidelines in a Swiss University Hospital

OBJECTIVES: To determine 1) HIV testing practices in a 1400-bed university hospital where local HIV prevalence is 0.4% and 2) the effect on testing practices of national HIV testing guidelines, revised in March 2010, recommending Physician-Initiated Counselling and Testing (PICT). METHODS: Using 2 hospital databases, we determined the number of HIV tests performed by selected clinical services, and the number of patients tested as a percentage of the number seen per service ('testing rate'). To explore the effect of the revised national guidelines, we examined testing rates for two years pre- and two years post-PICT guideline publication. RESULTS: Combining the clinical services, 253,178 patients were seen and 9,183 tests were performed (of which 80 tested positive, 0.9%) in the four-year study period. The emergency department (ED) performed the second highest number of tests, but had the lowest testing rates (0.9-1.1%). Of inpatient services, neurology and psychiatry had higher testing rates than internal medicine (19.7% and 9.6% versus 8%, respectively). There was no significant increase in testing rates, either globally or in the majority of the clinical services examined, and no increase in new HIV diagnoses post-PICT recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Using a simple two-database tool, we observe no global improvement in HIV testing rates in our hospital following new national guidelines but do identify services where testing practices merit improvement. This study may show the limit of PICT strategies based on physician risk assessment, compared to the opt-out approach